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Calculando frecuencias discretas en el tiempo utilizando las transformadas de Fourier

Cuando obtenemos una señal discreta a muestrear una señal análoga, la frecuencia Nyquist corresponde a la frecuencia discreta 1 2 . Para demostrar esto, note que un senosoidal en la frecuencia Nyquist 1 2 T s tiene una forma muestreada que iguala

Senosoidal en la frecuencia nyquist de 1/2t

2 1 2 T s n T s n 1 n

El exponencial en la DTFT en la frecuencia 1 2 igual 2 n 2 n 1 n , lo que significa que la correspondencia entre una frecuencia análoga y una frecuencia discreta es establecida:

RelaciÓN para la frecuencia discreta en el tiempo anÁLogo

f D f A T s

onde f D y f A representan las variables de frecuencia análoga y frecuencia discreta, respectivamente. La figura de aliasing provee otra manera para derivar este resultado. Conforme la duración de cada punto en la señal de muestreo periódica p T s t se hace mas pequeña, las amplitudes de las repeticiones del espectro de la señal, que son gobernadas por los coeficientes de la series de Fourier de p T s t , se vuelve iguales.

Examinar la señal de pulso periodica revela que cuando Δ se hace pequeña, el valor de c 0 , el coeficiente mas grande de Fourier, decae al valor cero: c 0 A Δ T . Así, para mantener un teorema de muestreo viable en términos matemáticos, la amplitud A debe incrementar a 1 Δ , convirtiéndose infinitamente grande conformela duración del pulso disminuye. Sistemas prácticos usan un valor pequeño de Δ , digamos 0.1 T s y usan amplificadores para reescalar la señal.
Así, el espectro muestrario de la señal se convierte periódico con periodo 1 T s . Asíla frecuencia Nyquist 1 2 T s corresponde a la frecuencia 1 2 .

La transformada inversa de Fourier discreta en el tiempo se deriva fácilmente en la siguiente relación:

1 2 1 2 f 2 f m f n 1 m n 0 m n

Asícomo encontramos que

f 1 2 1 2 S 2 f 2 f n f 1 2 1 2 m m s m 2 f m 2 f n m m s m f 1 2 1 2 2 f m n s n

Los pares para la transformada de Fourier discretos en el tiempo son

Pares de la transformada de fourier en tiempo discreto

S 2 f n n s n 2 f n

Pares de la transformada de fourier en tiempo discreto

s n f 1 2 1 2 S 2 f 2 f n

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Source:  OpenStax, Señales y sistemas. OpenStax CNX. Sep 28, 2006 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10373/1.2
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