Explains what happens in the channel for our DMT project.
Channel characteristics
Frequency response
As mentioned in our introduction, DMT is used to send data both wirelessly and through copper phone lines. In both of these mediums, high frequency electro-magnetic waves are quickly attenuated while low frequency waves retain much of their power, even over long distances. On this basis, we model the frequency response of our channel as a low-pass filter. To account for irregularities in the channel (and to make sure the frequency reponse is invertible), we make it non-ideal low-pass; essentially, the impulse response is an
M -point smoother with random amplitude variations. This portion of the channel was simply implemented by using MATLAB's built-in convolution function with a constructed impulse response.
Impulse response of channel
This is the length-16 impulse response of the channel. Note that the amplitudes are random, but the overall shape is still that of a smoother (no negative values like an edge detector).
Frequency response of channel
This is the length-256 FFT of the impulse response in Figure 2. Note its overall low-pass characteristics, as well as the absence of any zeros.
Additive noise
In addition to low-pass filtering the input signal, the channel also incorporates additive white Gaussian noise (
AWGN ), which models random, natural fluctuations. AWGN is zero-mean and is called"white"because it has equal energy at all frequencies (like white light). We implemented this aspect of the channel by adding a"randn"vector to the signal after low-pass filtering.
The channel for a DMT system can also have other types of noise. These include impulse noise (spikes in the time domain signal), occupied frequencies (spikes in the frequency domain) and crosstalk (which we did not consider). We incorporated impulse noise by setting a fixed number of elements at individual random locations in the signal to twice the amplitude of the signal mean. We did not include frequency spikes or crosstalk; these would be good things to add in an extended study of DMT.
Awgn with td impulses
This is the sum of our AWGN and impulse noise signals in time.
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
