First we treat filter design for interpolation.
Consider an input signal
that is
-bandlimited in the DTFT domain.
If we upsample by factor
to get
, the desired portion of
is the spectrum in
,
while the undesired portion is the remainder of
.
Noting from
that
has zero energy in the regions
the anti-imaging filter can be designed with transition bands in
these regions (rather than passbands or stopbands). For a givennumber of taps, the additional degrees of freedom offered by
these transition bands allows for better responses in thepassbands and stopbands. The resulting filter design
specifications are shown in the
bottom subplot below .
Next we treat filter design for decimation. Say that the
desired spectral component of the input
signal is bandlimited to
and we have decided to downsample by
.
The goal is to minimally distort the input spectrum over
,
i.e. , the post-decimation
spectrum over
.
Thus, we must not allow any aliased signals to enter
.
To allow for extra degrees of freedom in the filter design,we
do allow aliasing to enter the
post-decimation spectrum outside of
within
.
Since the input spectral regions which alias outside of
are given by
(as shown in
), we can
treat these regions as transition bands in the filter design.The resulting filter design specifications are illustrated in
the middle subplot (
).
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life