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Natural sciences

Grade 9

Life processes: healthy life

Module 5

Breathing and health

Air pollution and too much dust and smoke can cause damage to lungs by preventing the cleansing system of the air passages from operating effectively.

When the lung tissue is damaged, oxygen cannot be transferred effectively to the blood, and the heart has to exert itself to supply enough oxygenated blood to all the cells. This leads to health problems and heart disease.

Smoke particles continuously bombard the sensitive lung tissue and this tissue eventually tries to protect itself by growing extra cell layers to act as a shield, which is how CANCER develops!

Respiratory diseases

Emphysema:

  • Occurs in people who smoke – the cilia are paralysed and build-up of phlegm occurs
  • Continuous coughing begins to damage blood capillaries
  • Gas exchange is hampered – the affected person suffers from a lack of oxygen
  • Death may result.

Bronchitis:

  • Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles result from bacterial infections
  • Much mucus or phlegm is formed – the sufferer coughs continuously
  • Smoking exacerbates the symptoms and recovery is slower.

Asthma:

  • An allergic reaction to certain substances
  • The sufferer struggles to breathe
  • Medication is essential for the dilation of the bronchial tubes
  • It is dangerous to use another person’s respirator / breathing apparatus. Different respirators have different kinds of chemical substances; therefore it is important to keep to the doctor’s prescription.

Tuberculosis:

  • Caused by a bacterial infection, which first affects the lungs
  • The sufferer coughs continuously, loses weight, loses his or her appetite, has night sweats, is out of breath and coughs up blood.
  • It is infectious and bacteria are spread by means of the tiny particles of phlegm that are dispersed during coughing.
  • It is completely treatable at the nearest clinic – sufferers merely have to continue the treatment over the extended period for which this might be required.
  • It is a problem among inhabitants of the Cape Flats and in poor communities.
  • All babies should be vaccinated with the BCG vaccine.
  • Questions: LUNG DISORDERS:

1. Why do people with asthma suffer from lack of breath?

2. Why do TB sufferers cough up blood?

3. Why does TB present a problem in poor communities?

4. Why should you not use cough suppressants when you suffer from bronchitis?

5. How does a person suffering from emphysema lose the function of the cilia?

HAVE YOU EVER HAD A PROBLEM WITH CHOKING?

  • You can choke when you swallow quickly or when you laugh, talk or cough while swallowing. The epiglottis (a cartilage “lid”), which should close the windpipe temporarily when food has to pass over this opening to the gullet, does not close fast enough and food inadvertedly goes down the windpipe or trachea.
  • A person who is choking usually tries to get out of the way to hide his discomfort. Follow such a person and find out whether he or she is all right. If they are able to produce a sound, the choking is not too serious and a good fit of coughing will clear the windpipe. However, if the windpipe is blocked, brain damage will occur within 4 to 5 minutes and it is imperative to help such a person.

Doing the HEIMLICH MANOEUVRE!

  • Stand behind the sufferer, with your arms around his or her waist.
  • Clench one hand into a fist and place the other hand over it, just above the navel and below the ribcage.
  • Apply a sharp upward movement repeatedly.
  • Small children could be laid face down over the knee.

Demonstrate the Heimlich Manoeuvre to your family,without applying pressure.

You may be able to save a life if you learn to do the Heimlich Manoeuvre correctly. Consider joining your school’s First Aid team and following a course in first aid .

Class activity: POSTER on smoking

  • Collect warnings from cigarette packets and old magazines – remember that advertising smoking is prohibited!
  • Find out about laws concerning smoking – what are the latest developments?
  • Create a poster to feature in a consciousness-raising campaign. Put it up outside your classroom, or arrange an exhibition for your school.

DO YOU KNOW THIS?

  • Each cigarette shortens the smoker’s life by 5,5 minutes – 20 per day therefore causes a loss of six months for every six years of smoking.
  • A cigarette contains 4 000 different chemicals. Some of them are deadly toxins, e.g. arsenic, carbon monoxide, nicotine and cyanide!
  • Half a gram of nicotine can kill an adult within minutes!

if a smoker stops smoking:

  • the capacity for taste and smell will improve within two days
  • the morning cough will disappear within two weeks
  • the risk of heart disease will be halved within one year

the price shock:

  • At almost R13 per packet of 20, a packet of cigarettes per day costs R 390 per month. At this rate, a smoker had to pay R4 680 for his smoking habit in 2004!

Assessment: POSTER

Could you project an effective health warning through sound planning (1.1) and the execution of the investigation (1.2)?

LO 1.1; LO 1.2

Assessment

Learning Outcomes 1 : Scientific Investigation

The learner will be able to act confidently on curiosity about natural phenomena, and to investigate relationships and solve problems in scientific, technological and environmental contexts.

We know this when the learner:

1.1 plans investigations;

  • conducts investigations and collects data;

Memorandum

QUESTIONS; PULMONARY DISEASES:

1. Bronchi close up.

2. Blood capillaries rupture because of bouts of coughing.

3. Neglect, unhealthy living conditions, poor education, crowded living conditions.

4. Phlegm must be coughed up.

5. Too much phlegm.

Questions & Answers

what is mutation
Janga Reply
what is a cell
Sifune Reply
how is urine form
Sifune
what is antagonism?
mahase Reply
classification of plants, gymnosperm features.
Linsy Reply
what is the features of gymnosperm
Linsy
how many types of solid did we have
Samuel Reply
what is an ionic bond
Samuel
What is Atoms
Daprince Reply
what is fallopian tube
Merolyn
what is bladder
Merolyn
what's bulbourethral gland
Eduek Reply
urine is formed in the nephron of the renal medulla in the kidney. It starts from filtration, then selective reabsorption and finally secretion
onuoha Reply
State the evolution relation and relevance between endoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeleton as it relates to cell.
Jeremiah
what is heart
Konadu Reply
how is urine formed in human
Konadu
how is urine formed in human
Rahma
what is the diference between a cavity and a canal
Pelagie Reply
what is the causative agent of malaria
Diamond
malaria is caused by an insect called mosquito.
Naomi
Malaria is cause by female anopheles mosquito
Isaac
Malaria is caused by plasmodium Female anopheles mosquitoe is d carrier
Olalekan
a canal is more needed in a root but a cavity is a bad effect
Commander
what are pathogens
Don Reply
In biology, a pathogen (Greek: πάθος pathos "suffering", "passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is anything that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s.[1][2
Zainab
A virus
Commander
Definition of respiration
Muhsin Reply
respiration is the process in which we breath in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide
Achor
how are lungs work
Commander
where does digestion begins
Achiri Reply
in the mouth
EZEKIEL
what are the functions of follicle stimulating harmones?
Rashima Reply
stimulates the follicle to release the mature ovum into the oviduct
Davonte
what are the functions of Endocrine and pituitary gland
Chinaza
endocrine secrete hormone and regulate body process
Achor
while pituitary gland is an example of endocrine system and it's found in the Brain
Achor
what's biology?
Egbodo Reply
Biology is the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized field that cover their morphology, physiology,anatomy, behaviour,origin and distribution.
Lisah
biology is the study of life.
Alfreda
Biology is the study of how living organisms live and survive in a specific environment
Sifune
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Source:  OpenStax, Natural sciences grade 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11069/1.1
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