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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 9

Lewensprosesse: ‘n gesonde lewe

Module 4

Asemhalingsisteem van die mens

Struktuur van die asemhalingsisteem:

  • Jy het lugweë wat bestaan uit neusgange, mondholte, keel (farinks), 'n trachea (lugpyp) en twee bronchi (longpype).
  • Jy het twee longe bestaande uit duisende longsakkies/blasies of alveoli – die oppervlakte word dus vergroot tot so groot soos 'n pluimbalbaan!
  • Die diafragma en tussenribspiere .

Klasaktiwiteit: studie van skaap- of varklonge

  • Indien moontlik, moet jou onderwyser bogenoemde dele aan jou toon deur gebruik te maak van 'n skaap of vark se longe.

Die asemhalingsisteem van die mens

Prosesse

  • Behalwe voeding, is daar nog ander stelsels of sisteme in die mens wat belangrik is vir die doeltreffende funksionering van die liggaam. Ons gaan kyk na asemhaling, ekskresie, voortbeweging en die skelet, asook na voortplanting.
  • Elke sel in die liggaam van 'n lewende organisme moet suurstof hê vir RESPIRASIE . Dit is die ENERGIEGEWENDE PROSES waartydens glukose "verbrand" word in die teenwoordigheid van suurstof. Die afvalproduk is koolstofdioksied.
  • Die plek waar hierdie verbranding plaasvind binne-in selle, is die MITOCHONDRIA .
  • Die manier waarop al hierdie stowwe by die selle in- en uitkom, is met behulp van die bloedstroom.
  • Die manier waarop suurstof in die bloed beland, is deur ASEMHALING en GASWISSELING.
  • ASEMHALING : die proses waardeur lug in die longe in en daaruit beweeg met behulp van spiere. Ons noem dit INSPIRASIE (inaseming) en EKSPIRASIE (uitaseming).
  • GASWISSELING : die proses waardeur gasse soos koolstofdioksied en suurstof in die longe tot in die bloed beweeg, asook by die selle.
  • RESPIRASIE : die energiegewende proses in mitochondria in selle.

Aanpassing vir die prosesse:

  • Vir ASEMHALING is daar 'n DIAFRAGMA of spierplaat onder die longe wat inbult en drukking in die borskas verander; daar is ook TUSSENRIBSPIERE wat die ribbekas kan laat beweeg.
  • Vir GASWISSELING is daar duisende longblasies of ALVEOLI met baie dun bloedvatryke oppervlaktes wat klam is.
  • Vir RESPIRASIE is daar fyn bloedkapillêre wat tot by elke sel strek met WEEFSELVLOEISTOF wat elke sel omring; daar is ook vele mitochondria .
  • VERKLAAR ELKEEN VAN DIE AANPASSINGS IN DIE TABEL.
Diafragma
Tussenribspiere
Duisende alveoli
Bloedkapillêre met dun enkel-wande
Alveoli met enkellaagepiteel
Mukusmembrane met cilia

Klasopdrag: TEKENING

  • Maak 'n skets om die alveoli en 'n bloedkapillêr te toon wat die beweging van die gasse illustreer.

Assessering: TEKENING

Kon jy 'n korrekte skets teken?

[LU 2.3]

Assessering

.

LU 2

Konstruksie van Wetenskapkennis

Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

2.1 betekenisvolle inligting kan onthou;

2.2 inligting kan kategoriseer;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

Memorandum

Asemhalingsisteem van die mens

VERKLAAR ELKEEN VAN DIE AANPASSINGS IN DIE TABEL:

Diafragma Borsholte vergroot/verklein
Tussenribspiere Borskas lig/sak
Duisende alveoli Vergroot oppervlak
Bloedkapillêre met dun enkel wande Kort diffusie-afstande
Alveoli met enkellaag epiteel Dun laag vir vinnige diffusie
Mukusmembrane met cilia Slymlaag vang partikels, cilia voer partikels en stof weg

KLASOPDRAG: TEKENING

  • Byskrifte: alveoli

Questions & Answers

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evolutionary history and relationship of an organism or group of organisms
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the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments
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They formed in two ways first when one sperm and one egg are splited by mitosis or two sperm and two eggs join together
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Genetics is the study of heredity
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the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environment.
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list any five characteristics of the blood cells
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advantage of electronic microscope is easily and clearly while disadvantage is dangerous because its electronic. advantage of light microscope is savely and naturally by sun while disadvantage is not easily,means its not sharp and not clear
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cells is the basic structure and functions of all living things
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ISCONT Reply
is organisms that are similar into groups called tara
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Kenna Reply
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is ideal for situations requiring high-resolution imaging of surfaces. It is commonly used in materials science, biology, and geology to examine the topography and composition of samples at a nanoscale level. SEM is particularly useful for studying fine details,
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11068/1.1
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