# 1.1 Optimal encoding

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We shall consider now the encoding of signals on $\left[-T,T\right]$ where $T>0$ is fixed. Ultimately we shall be interested in encoding classes of bandlimited signals like the class ${B}_{A}$ However, we begin the story by considering the more general setting of encoding the elements of any given compact subset $K$ of a normed linear space $X$ . One can determine the best encoding of $K$ by what is known as the Kolmogorov entropy of $K$ in $X$ .

To begin, let us consider an encoder-decoder pair $\left(E,D\right)$ $E$ maps $K$ to a finite stream of bits. $D$ maps a stream of bits to a signal in $X$ . This is illustrated in . Note that many functions can be mapped onto the same bitstream.

Define the distortion $d$ for this encoder-decoder by

$d\left(K,E,D,X\right):=\text{sup}{\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}}_{f\in K}\parallel f-D\left(Ef\right){\parallel }_{\overline{\underline{X}}}.$
Let $n\left(K,E\right)=\text{sup}{\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}}_{f\in K}#Ef$ where $#Ef$ is the number of bits in the bitstream $Ef$ . Thus $n$ is the maximum length of the bitstreams for the various $f\in K$ . There are two ways we can define optimal encoding:

• Prescribe $ϵ$ , the maximum distortion that we are willing to tolerate. For this $ϵ$ , find the smallest ${n}_{ϵ}\left(K,X\right):=\text{inf}{\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}}_{\left(E,D\right)}\left\{n\left(K,E\right):d\left(K,E,D,X\right)\le ϵ\right\}$ . This is the smallest bit budget under which we could encode all elements of $K$ to distortion $ϵ$ .
• Prescribe $N$ : find the smallest distortion $d\left(K,E,D,X\right)$ over all $E,D$ with $n\left(K,E\right)\le N$ . This is the best encoding performance possible with a prescribed bit budget.

There is a simple mathematical solution to these two encoding problems based on the notion of Kolmogorov Entropy.

do you think it's worthwhile in the long term to study the effects and possibilities of nanotechnology on viral treatment?
absolutely yes
Daniel
how to know photocatalytic properties of tio2 nanoparticles...what to do now
it is a goid question and i want to know the answer as well
Maciej
Abigail
Do somebody tell me a best nano engineering book for beginners?
what is fullerene does it is used to make bukky balls
are you nano engineer ?
s.
fullerene is a bucky ball aka Carbon 60 molecule. It was name by the architect Fuller. He design the geodesic dome. it resembles a soccer ball.
Tarell
what is the actual application of fullerenes nowadays?
Damian
That is a great question Damian. best way to answer that question is to Google it. there are hundreds of applications for buck minister fullerenes, from medical to aerospace. you can also find plenty of research papers that will give you great detail on the potential applications of fullerenes.
Tarell
what is the Synthesis, properties,and applications of carbon nano chemistry
Mostly, they use nano carbon for electronics and for materials to be strengthened.
Virgil
is Bucky paper clear?
CYNTHIA
so some one know about replacing silicon atom with phosphorous in semiconductors device?
Yeah, it is a pain to say the least. You basically have to heat the substarte up to around 1000 degrees celcius then pass phosphene gas over top of it, which is explosive and toxic by the way, under very low pressure.
Harper
Do you know which machine is used to that process?
s.
how to fabricate graphene ink ?
for screen printed electrodes ?
SUYASH
What is lattice structure?
of graphene you mean?
Ebrahim
or in general
Ebrahim
in general
s.
Graphene has a hexagonal structure
tahir
On having this app for quite a bit time, Haven't realised there's a chat room in it.
Cied
what is biological synthesis of nanoparticles
what's the easiest and fastest way to the synthesize AgNP?
China
Cied
types of nano material
I start with an easy one. carbon nanotubes woven into a long filament like a string
Porter
many many of nanotubes
Porter
what is the k.e before it land
Yasmin
what is the function of carbon nanotubes?
Cesar
I'm interested in nanotube
Uday
what is nanomaterials​ and their applications of sensors.
what is nano technology
what is system testing?
preparation of nanomaterial
Yes, Nanotechnology has a very fast field of applications and their is always something new to do with it...
what is system testing
what is the application of nanotechnology?
Stotaw
In this morden time nanotechnology used in many field . 1-Electronics-manufacturad IC ,RAM,MRAM,solar panel etc 2-Helth and Medical-Nanomedicine,Drug Dilivery for cancer treatment etc 3- Atomobile -MEMS, Coating on car etc. and may other field for details you can check at Google
Azam
anybody can imagine what will be happen after 100 years from now in nano tech world
Prasenjit
after 100 year this will be not nanotechnology maybe this technology name will be change . maybe aftet 100 year . we work on electron lable practically about its properties and behaviour by the different instruments
Azam
name doesn't matter , whatever it will be change... I'm taking about effect on circumstances of the microscopic world
Prasenjit
how hard could it be to apply nanotechnology against viral infections such HIV or Ebola?
Damian
silver nanoparticles could handle the job?
Damian
not now but maybe in future only AgNP maybe any other nanomaterials
Azam
Hello
Uday
I'm interested in Nanotube
Uday
this technology will not going on for the long time , so I'm thinking about femtotechnology 10^-15
Prasenjit
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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