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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 8

Energie: elektrisiteit, energie, warmte en lig

Module 2

Huidige energiebronne

  • Op die oomblik kom die meeste van ons energie van fossielbronne (steenkool, vloeibare petroleum, olie, natuurlike gas) en kernbronne. Fossielbronne is nie net onvervangbaar nie, maar raak al hoe minder en veroorsaak ook besoedeling. Dit is moeilik om jou ’n wêreld sonder elektrisiteit in te dink, maar hierdie energiebron is onbekend in baie dele van Suid-Afrika en van die vasteland van Afrika.
  • Energie in Suid-Afrika word in verskillende vorme verskaf, waarvan die belangrikste elektrisiteit en vloeibare brandstowwe (van ru-olie en steenkool geraffineer), steenkool en biomassa (vuurmaakhout) is.

Die hoof elektrisiteitsopwekkingsbronne wat in Suid-Afrika gebruik word, is:

verbranding van steenkool;

hidro-elektrisiteit;

kernkrag.

S teenkoolverbranding en kragsentrales

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om steenkoolverbranding as bron te verstaan en te evalueer

[lu 2.3, 2.4]

Steenkool is tans die mees algemene bron van energie en dus van elektrisiteit, aangesien Suid-Afrika ryklik voorsien is van steenkoolreserwes. ESKOM (Afrikaans EVKOM) se steenkoolkragsentrales produseer omtrent 90% van ons land se elektrisiteit. Ons het tans 18 sulke groot kragsentrales.

Opdrag 1:

Besoek Eskom se webruimte en vind meer uit oor hierdie tipe kragopwekking.

Jy het veral inligting oor die basiese werking van so ‘n tipiese sentrale nodig.

Waarvoor staan ESKOM?

Aan wie voorsien hulle elektrisiteit?

Opdrag 2:

Stel die verskillende stappe van die opwekkingsproses voor deur die volgende in die korrekte volgorde neer te skryf.

Turbine draai die generator se rotor.

Steenkool word verbrand.

Stoom dryf die turbines.

Elektrisiteit word met koperdrade weggevoer.

Steenkool word fyngemaal.

Water in pype word verhit totdat dit stoom.

Die rotor is ‘n elektromagneet wat elektrisiteit opwek.

Steenkool word ontgin en vervoer.

Opdrag 3:

Voltooi die volgende vrae na aanleiding van inligting wat jy oor die proses verkry het.

1. Wat gebeur met die stoom nadat dit deur die turbines gedryf is?

2. Hoeveel water benodig so ‘n sisteem per dag?

3. Noem een plek in Suid-Afrika waar jy al sulke hoë koeltorings gesien het.

4. Noem enige ander afval wat tydens hierdie proses vorm.

5. Is steenkoolverbranding as elektrisiteitopwekkingsmetode “skoon” in die natuur?

Hidro-elektrisiteit

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om hidro-elektrisiteit as bron te verstaan en te evalueer

[lu 1.1, 1.2, 1.3]

Ons land is eintlik ‘n baie droë land. Ons het wel twee groot permanente riviere in ons land en ESKOM het twee groot hidro-elektriese kragstasies. Die een is naby die Gariepdam in die Vrystaat en die ander in die Van der Kloofdam naby Petrusville.

Opdrag 1:

Vind uit waar hierdie groot damme sowel as enige ander damme is en teken ‘n kaart van Suid-Afrika om hul posisie te toon.

  • Beweging van water, veral afwaarts as gevolg van gravitasie/swaartekrag, gee aan die watermolekules baie energie.
  • Die vallende water draai ‘n waterturbine en skakel die energie om na elektriese energie.
  • Water word dan gewoonlik teruggepomp en die proses word herhaal.
  • Hierdie energie-oordrag na die een of ander draai-meganisme is al meer as 2 000 jaar in gebruik.

Questions & Answers

what does preconceived mean
sammie Reply
physiological Psychology
Nwosu Reply
How can I develope my cognitive domain
Amanyire Reply
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Dakolo Reply
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
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miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
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Wekolamo
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Simon Reply
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namakula Reply
Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
war
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Amesalu Reply
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
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Zyryn Reply
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Jonathan
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Jonathan
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interpersonal relationships
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Saurabh
What are the treatment for autism?
Magret Reply
hello. autism is a umbrella term. autistic kids have different disorder overlapping. for example. a kid may show symptoms of ADHD and also learning disabilities. before treatment please make sure the kid doesn't have physical disabilities like hearing..vision..speech problem. sometimes these
Jharna
continue.. sometimes due to these physical problems..the diagnosis may be misdiagnosed. treatment for autism. well it depends on the severity. since autistic kids have problems in communicating and adopting to the environment.. it's best to expose the child in situations where the child
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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