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For n=3, l can be 0 , 1and 2. This marks the Third Period.

Here we have K Shell which is already FULL and L-Shell is also filled and this K and L filled Shell corresponds to Neon. M-Shell is in the process of getting filled up as shown in Table 2.8.

Table 2.8. Elements of THIRD Period.

ThirdPeriod 1 st Gr 2 nd Gr 3 rd Gr 4 th Gr 5 th Gr 6 th Gr 7 th Gr 8 th Gr
Elements Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Ne corresponds to K-ShellAnd L-Shell Ne3s 1 Ne3s 2 Ne3s 2 3p 1 Ne3s 2 3p 2 Ne3s 2 3p 3 Ne3s 2 3p 4 Ne3s 2 3p 5 Ne3s 2 3p 6
M-Shell Is being filled up. s-subshellin M-Shell s-subshellin M-Shellis Full p-subshellin M-Shell p-subshellin M-Shell p-subshellin M-Shell p-subshellin M-Shell p-subshellin M-Shell p-subshellin M-Shellis Full

For n=4, l can be 0 , 1, 2 and 3 This marks the Fourth Period.

Here we have K Shell and L-Shell are filled up. But M-Shell is partially filled up. K,L, and M(partially) corresponds to Ar. Partially filed M-Shell and empty N-Shell is in the process of getting filled up as shown in Table 2.9.

Table 2.9. Elements of FOURTH Period.

FourthPeriod 1 st Gr 2 nd Gr 3 rd Gr 4 th Gr 5 th Gr 6 th Gr 7 th Gr 8 th Gr
Elements K Ca Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Ar corresponds to K, L-Shell filled upAnd M-Shell partially filled up. Ar4s 1 Ar4s 2 Ar3d 10 4s 2 4p 1 Ar3d 10 4s 2 4p 2 Ar3d 10 4s 2 4p 3 Ar3d 10 4s 2 4p 4 Ar3d 10 4s 2 4p 5 Ar3d 10 4s 2 4p 6
N-Shell, s-orbital is first filled up.†Then M-Shell d-orbital is filled up.Then N-Shell p-orbital is filled up s-subshellin N-Shell getting filled s-subshellin N-Shellis Full d-subshell in M-Shell is fullp-subshellin N-Shell d-subshell in M-Shell is full p-subshellin N-Shell d-subshell in M-Shell is fullp-subshellin N-Shell d-subshell in M-Shell is fullp-subshellin N-Shell d-subshell in M-Shell is fullp-subshellin N-Shell d-subshell in M-Shell is fullp-subshellin N-Shellis Full

† Sc, Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn are the d-Block Transition elements which are there due to belated filling up of d-orbitals in M-Shell which has 10 electron states permissible from 3d 1 to 3d 1 .

For n=5, l can be 0 , 1, 2 , 3 and 4. This marks the Fifth Period.

Here we have K Shell , L-Shell and M-Shell are filled up. But N-Shell is partially filled up. K,L, M and N(partially) corresponds to Kr. Partially filed N-Shell and empty O-Shell is in the process of getting filled up as shown in Table 2.10.

Table 2.10. Elements of FIFTH Period.

FifthPeriod 1 st Gr 2 nd Gr 3 rd Gr 4 th Gr 5 th Gr 6 th Gr 7 th Gr 8 th Gr
Elements Rb Sr In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Kr corresponds to K, L,M-Shell filled upAnd N-Shell partially filled up. Kr5s 1 Kr5s 2 Kr4d 10 5s 2 5p 1 Kr4d 10 5s 2 5p 2 Kr4d 10 5s 2 5p 3 Kr4d 10 5s 2 5p 4 Kr4d 10 5s 2 5p 5 Kr4d 10 5s 2 5p 6
O-Shell s-orbital Is first filled.† Then N-Shell is filled up and then O-Shell is being filled up. s-subshellin O-Shell getting filled s-subshellin O-Shellis Full d-subshell in N-Shell is fullp-subshellin O-Shell d-subshell in N-Shell is full p-subshellin O-Shell d-subshell in N-Shell is fullp-subshellin O-Shell d-subshell in N-Shell is fullp-subshellin O-Shell d-subshell in N-Shell is fullp-subshellin O-Shell d-subshell in N-Shell is fullp-subshellin O-Shellis Full

† Y,Zr,Nb,Mo,Tc,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ag,Cd are the d-Block Transition elements which are there due to belated filling up of d-orbitals in N-Shell which has 10 electron states permissible from 4d 1 to 4d 10 .

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Source:  OpenStax, Electrical and electronic materials science. OpenStax CNX. May 01, 2014 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11615/1.14
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