<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >
Correlations
Verbal IQ (Wechsler Verbal Intelligence 3) Performance IQ (Wechsler Performance Intelligence 3)
Verbal IQ (Wechsler Verbal Intelligence 3)
Pearson Correlation 1 .664 **
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 1182 1180
Performance IQ (Wechsler Performance Intelligence 3)
Pearson Correlation .664 ** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 1180 1180
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
[In this matrix, it appears that four unique correlations are present, one per cell. In fact, only one unique correlation, or r , is present in this four cell matrix.]

Step six:

  • Check For Effect Size
  • 1. Go to the correlation box
  • 2. Find Pearson’s Correlation Row or Spearman rho’s and follow it to the variable column.
  • 3. Your effect size will be located in the cell where the above intersect.
  • 4. The effect size is calculated as:

Cohen's criteria for correlations (1998)

  • .1 = small (range from .1 to .29)
  • .3 = moderate (range from .3 to .49)
  • .5 = large (range from .5 to 1.0)
Correlations cannot be greater than 1.00, therefore a 0 should not be placed in front of the decimal.

Step seven:

  • Check the Level of Variance the Variables Have in Common
  • 1. Square the Pearson Correlation Value or Spearman rho value to find the variance
  • 2. In this example, the Verbal IQ and the Performance IQ share 44.09% of the variance in common (see correlation value of .664).
Correlations
Verbal IQ (Wechsler Verbal Intelligence 3) Performance IQ (Wechsler Performance Intelligence 3)
Verbal IQ (Wechsler Verbal Intelligence 3)
Pearson Correlation 1 .664 **
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 1182 1180
Performance IQ (Wechsler Performance Intelligence 3)
Pearson Correlation .664 ** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 1180 1180
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Step eight:

  • Write the Numerical Sentence
  • 1. r ( n ) sp = sp correlation coefficient, sp p sp < sp .001 (or Bonferroni-adjusted alpha significance error rate).
  • 2. Using this example: r (1180) = .66, p <.001
[sp means to insert a space.] Remember that all mathematical symbols are placed in italics.

Step nine:

  • Narrative and Interpretation
  • 1. r value
  • 2. sample size or n
  • 3. p value
  • 4. r 2 value
  • 5. r (1180) = .66, p <.001, 44.09% of variance accounted for.
  • 6. Note that the r value itself is the effect size.

Writing up your statistics

So, how do you "write up" your Research Questions and your Results? Schuler W. Huck (2000) in his seminal book entitled, Reading Statistics and Research, points to the importance of your audience understanding and making sense of your research in written form. Huck further states:

This book is designed to help people decipher what researchers are trying to communicate in the written or oral summaries of their investigations. Here, the goal is simply to distill meaning from the words, symbols, tables, and figures included in the research report. To be competent in this arena, one must not only be able to decipher what's presented but also to "fill in the holes"; this is the case because researchers typically assume that those receiving the research report are familiar with unmentioned details of the research process and statistical treatment of data.

Writing up your correlations

Researchers and Professors John Slate and Ana Rojas-LeBouef understand this critical issue, so often neglected or not addressed by other authors and researchers. They point to the importance of doctoral students "writing up their statistics" in a way that others can understand your reporting and as importantly, interpret the meaning of your significant findings and implications for the preparation and practice of educational leadership. Slate and LeBouef provide you with a model for "writing up your Parametric and Non-Parametric Correlations statistics."

Click here to view: Writing Up Your Parametric Correlation Statistics

Click here to view: Writing Up Your Nonparamteric Correlation Statistics

References

  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.) . Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erbaum
  • Hyperstats Online Statistics Textbook. (n.d.) Retrieved from (External Link)
  • Kurtosis. (n.d.). Definition. Retrieved from (External Link)&term_id=326
  • Kurtosis. (n.d.). Definition of normality . Retrieved from (External Link)
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J.,&Daniel, L. G. (2002). Uses and misuses of the correlation coefficient. Research in the Schools, 9 (1) , 73-90.
  • Skewness. (n.d.) Retrieved from (External Link)&term_id=356
  • Skewness. (n.d.). Definition of normality . Retrieved from (External Link)
  • StatSoft, Inc. (2011). Electronic statistics textbook. Tulsa, OK: StatSoft. WEB: (External Link)

Questions & Answers

what is mutation
Janga Reply
what is a cell
Sifune Reply
how is urine form
Sifune
what is antagonism?
mahase Reply
classification of plants, gymnosperm features.
Linsy Reply
what is the features of gymnosperm
Linsy
how many types of solid did we have
Samuel Reply
what is an ionic bond
Samuel
What is Atoms
Daprince Reply
what is fallopian tube
Merolyn
what is bladder
Merolyn
what's bulbourethral gland
Eduek Reply
urine is formed in the nephron of the renal medulla in the kidney. It starts from filtration, then selective reabsorption and finally secretion
onuoha Reply
State the evolution relation and relevance between endoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeleton as it relates to cell.
Jeremiah
what is heart
Konadu Reply
how is urine formed in human
Konadu
how is urine formed in human
Rahma
what is the diference between a cavity and a canal
Pelagie Reply
what is the causative agent of malaria
Diamond
malaria is caused by an insect called mosquito.
Naomi
Malaria is cause by female anopheles mosquito
Isaac
Malaria is caused by plasmodium Female anopheles mosquitoe is d carrier
Olalekan
a canal is more needed in a root but a cavity is a bad effect
Commander
what are pathogens
Don Reply
In biology, a pathogen (Greek: πάθος pathos "suffering", "passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is anything that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s.[1][2
Zainab
A virus
Commander
Definition of respiration
Muhsin Reply
respiration is the process in which we breath in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide
Achor
how are lungs work
Commander
where does digestion begins
Achiri Reply
in the mouth
EZEKIEL
what are the functions of follicle stimulating harmones?
Rashima Reply
stimulates the follicle to release the mature ovum into the oviduct
Davonte
what are the functions of Endocrine and pituitary gland
Chinaza
endocrine secrete hormone and regulate body process
Achor
while pituitary gland is an example of endocrine system and it's found in the Brain
Achor
what's biology?
Egbodo Reply
Biology is the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized field that cover their morphology, physiology,anatomy, behaviour,origin and distribution.
Lisah
biology is the study of life.
Alfreda
Biology is the study of how living organisms live and survive in a specific environment
Sifune
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Calculating basic statistical procedures in spss: a self-help and practical guide to preparing theses, dissertations, and manuscripts. OpenStax CNX. Apr 28, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11292/1.6
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Calculating basic statistical procedures in spss: a self-help and practical guide to preparing theses, dissertations, and manuscripts' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask