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In the section on pure substances, learners will learn about: elements, the periodic table of elements and compounds as well as to decide what the difference is between a mixture and a compound by using molecular models. The time spent on the guidelines provided for naming compounds and the exercise to consolidate understanding will be worthwhile! You ought to find that the learners will easily understand the text explaining the concepts: metals, semi-metal, non-metals, electrical conductors, semi-conductors and insulators, thermal conductors and insulators as well as magnetic and non-magnetic materials. The text also elaborates on where the specific properties of the listed materials are used in buildings, industrial and home environments as well as in animals and humans. Point out to the learners that as students of the Physical Sciences they need to understand how the physical environment works in order to benefit from it.

The learners need to engage in the three practical investigations listed in this chapter to strengthen their practical ability in a “hands on” way.

Investigate:

  • The separation of a salt solution
  • Electrical conductivity
  • Magnetism

The detailed summary at the end of the chapter and the summary exercise provide a useful self-assessment checklist for the learner and the educator, to make sure that all aspects have been effectively addressed and learnt.

The atom

In this section the idea that matter is made of very small particles (atoms) is developed further and learners are guided in understanding the microscopic nature of matter. Studying the atomic models illustrates that scientific knowledge changes over time as scientists acquire new information.

Studying the atomic models of Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr contribute to form a ‘picture’ of how an atom looks, based on evidence available at that stage. The concepts related to the structure of the atom: protons, neutrons and electrons, isotopes, atomic number and atomic mass are explained in a way that learners will understand. To consolidate learning, learners need to engage in studying the worked examples and do the exercises. By taking part in the suggested Group Discussion activities, learners have the opportunity to develop critical thinking skills and express themselves using the scientific language. The effective use of diagrams clarifies abstract concepts, such as energy quantisation and electron configuration. The text urges learners to understand electron configuration, as valence electrons of the atoms will determine how they react with each other.

The periodic table

The CAPS document requires that learners understand the arrangement of elements in increasing atomic number, and show how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to electronic structure of the atoms in the periodic table. The content of this section in the learner book will enable learners to understand the underpinning concepts and to develop the skill to use the periodic table to extract data.

Questions & Answers

Three charges q_{1}=+3\mu C, q_{2}=+6\mu C and q_{3}=+8\mu C are located at (2,0)m (0,0)m and (0,3) coordinates respectively. Find the magnitude and direction acted upon q_{2} by the two other charges.Draw the correct graphical illustration of the problem above showing the direction of all forces.
Kate Reply
To solve this problem, we need to first find the net force acting on charge q_{2}. The magnitude of the force exerted by q_{1} on q_{2} is given by F=\frac{kq_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} where k is the Coulomb constant, q_{1} and q_{2} are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.
Muhammed
What is the direction and net electric force on q_{1}= 5µC located at (0,4)r due to charges q_{2}=7mu located at (0,0)m and q_{3}=3\mu C located at (4,0)m?
Kate Reply
what is the change in momentum of a body?
Eunice Reply
what is a capacitor?
Raymond Reply
Capacitor is a separation of opposite charges using an insulator of very small dimension between them. Capacitor is used for allowing an AC (alternating current) to pass while a DC (direct current) is blocked.
Gautam
A motor travelling at 72km/m on sighting a stop sign applying the breaks such that under constant deaccelerate in the meters of 50 metres what is the magnitude of the accelerate
Maria Reply
please solve
Sharon
8m/s²
Aishat
What is Thermodynamics
Muordit
velocity can be 72 km/h in question. 72 km/h=20 m/s, v^2=2.a.x , 20^2=2.a.50, a=4 m/s^2.
Mehmet
A boat travels due east at a speed of 40meter per seconds across a river flowing due south at 30meter per seconds. what is the resultant speed of the boat
Saheed Reply
50 m/s due south east
Someone
which has a higher temperature, 1cup of boiling water or 1teapot of boiling water which can transfer more heat 1cup of boiling water or 1 teapot of boiling water explain your . answer
Ramon Reply
I believe temperature being an intensive property does not change for any amount of boiling water whereas heat being an extensive property changes with amount/size of the system.
Someone
Scratch that
Someone
temperature for any amount of water to boil at ntp is 100⁰C (it is a state function and and intensive property) and it depends both will give same amount of heat because the surface available for heat transfer is greater in case of the kettle as well as the heat stored in it but if you talk.....
Someone
about the amount of heat stored in the system then in that case since the mass of water in the kettle is greater so more energy is required to raise the temperature b/c more molecules of water are present in the kettle
Someone
definitely of physics
Haryormhidey Reply
how many start and codon
Esrael Reply
what is field
Felix Reply
physics, biology and chemistry this is my Field
ALIYU
field is a region of space under the influence of some physical properties
Collete
what is ogarnic chemistry
WISDOM Reply
determine the slope giving that 3y+ 2x-14=0
WISDOM
Another formula for Acceleration
Belty Reply
a=v/t. a=f/m a
IHUMA
innocent
Adah
pratica A on solution of hydro chloric acid,B is a solution containing 0.5000 mole ofsodium chlorid per dm³,put A in the burret and titrate 20.00 or 25.00cm³ portion of B using melting orange as the indicator. record the deside of your burret tabulate the burret reading and calculate the average volume of acid used?
Nassze Reply
how do lnternal energy measures
Esrael
Two bodies attract each other electrically. Do they both have to be charged? Answer the same question if the bodies repel one another.
JALLAH Reply
No. According to Isac Newtons law. this two bodies maybe you and the wall beside you. Attracting depends on the mass och each body and distance between them.
Dlovan
Are you really asking if two bodies have to be charged to be influenced by Coulombs Law?
Robert
like charges repel while unlike charges atttact
Raymond
What is specific heat capacity
Destiny Reply
Specific heat capacity is a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). It is measured in Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C).
AI-Robot
specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius or kelvin
ROKEEB
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Source:  OpenStax, Physical science grade 10 teachers' guide - siyavula webbook. OpenStax CNX. Aug 10, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11342/1.1
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