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| 12. Which of the following zymogens can help in the screening of some gastrointestinal cancers? |
| A. |
Trypsinogen |
| B. |
Pepsinogen |
| C. |
Chymotrypsinogen |
| D. |
Procollagenase |
| E. |
Procarboxypeptidase |
| 13. Which of the following disorders will not cause a deficiency of essential amino acids due to either the lack of pancreatic digestive enzymes in the intestinal lumen or defective amino acid transporters? |
| A. |
Hartnup disease |
| B. |
Cystic fibrosis |
| C. |
Cystinuria |
| D. |
Pancreatitis |
|
|
| 14. A patient is diagnosed with emphysema. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the damage to the lungs? |
| A. |
Elastase |
| B. |
Collagenase |
| C. |
Carboxypeptidase |
| D. |
Chymotrypsin |
| E. |
Trypsin |
| 15. Which of the following systems can break body’s proteins into single amino acids? |
| A. |
A 19S cap with a 20S proteasome. |
| B. |
A 19S cap, 20S proteasome and 11S cap |
| C. |
A 20S proteasome with an 11S cap |
| D. |
Lysosomal proteases |
|
|
| 16. Which of the following defective enzyme pairs can produce altered branching in the glycogen molecule? |
| A. |
Glycogen synthase and glucose-6-phosphatase |
| B. |
Musle and liver glycogen phosphorylase |
| C. |
Glucorynyl transferase and phosphoglucomutase |
| D. |
Glycogenin and alanine aminotransferase |
| E. |
Branching and debranching enzymes |
| 17. A patient develops kidney failure and skin rashes. A tissue biopsy reveals accumulation of globotriocylceramide. Which of the following defective enzymes can cause Fabry's disease? |
| A. |
Acid-beta-glucosidase |
| B. |
Alpha-galactosidase A |
| C. |
Acid ceramidase |
| D. |
Beta-galactosidase-1 |
| E. |
Galactocerebrosidase |
| 18. Which of the following hormones binds beta receptors in both the liver and muscle cells to stimulate glycogenolysis via cAMP signal transduction? |
| A. |
Glucagon |
| B. |
Epinephrine |
| C. |
Cortisol |
| D. |
Insulin |
| E. |
Aldosterone |
| 19. Which of the following molecules would be present in high concentrations in the meconium of neonates or premies with jaundice? |
| A. |
Conjugated bilirubin |
| B. |
Urobilinogen |
| C. |
Stercobilin |
| D. |
Unconjugated bilirubin |
| E. |
Urobilin |
| 20. Which of the following actions stimulates the release of calcium as part of the signal cascade in the liver to activate glycogenolysis and inhibit glycogenesis? |
| A. |
Epinephrine binding to beta receptors |
| B. |
Epinephrine binding to alpha receptors |
| C. |
Glucagon binding to liver receptors |
| D. |
Degradation of ATP to AMP |
| E. |
Neural impluses on muscle cells |
| 21. Which of the following defective enzymes can cause accumulation of both galactose and galactitol? |
| A. |
UDP-galactose-4-epimerase |
| B. |
Galactokinase |
| C. |
Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase |
| D. |
Galactose-6-phosphatase |
| E. |
Phosphoglucomutase |
| 22. Which of the following organ or tissues cells can convert glucose to lactate for spermatogenesis? |
| A. |
Muscle cells |
| B. |
Renal cells |
| C. |
Red blood cells |
| D. |
Sertoli cells |
| E. |
Astrocytes |
| 23. A patient has mental retardation, enlarged liver and skeletal abnormalities. Tissue biopsy reveals accumulation of GM1 gangliosides in neurons. Which of the following defective enzymes can cause GM1 gangliosidosis? |
| A. |
Acid-beta-glucosidase |
| B. |
Alpha-galactosidase A |
| C. |
Acid ceramidase |
| D. |
Beta-galactosidase-1 |
| E. |
Galactocerebrosidase |
| 24. A 25 year old female, previously diagnosed with Gilbert's syndrome, has hyperbilirubinemia as a result of eating a very low calorie diet. Which of the following treatments would be effective in dealing with her hyperbilirubinemia? |
| A. |
Iron supplements |
| B. |
Antiviral drugs |
| C. |
Cholecystectomy |
| D. |
No treatment |
| E. |
Steroid drugs |
| 25. Which of the following enzymes converts glucose-1-phosphate into glucose-6-phosphate during glycogen degradation? |
| A. |
Glycogen synthase |
| B. |
Glycogen phosphorylase |
| C. |
Phosphoglucomutase |
| D. |
Branching enzyme |
| E. |
Debranching enzyme |
| 26. Which of the following hormones is important in both the activation and synthesis of the enzymes involved in glycogenesis inside the liver and muscle cells? |
| A. |
Glucagon |
| B. |
Epinephrine |
| C. |
Norepinephrine |
| D. |
Vasopressin |
| E. |
Insulin |
| 27. Which of the following enzymes transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to glucose in the mammary glands? |
| A. |
Galactosyl transferase |
| B. |
Alpha-lactalbumin |
| C. |
Phosphoglucomutase |
| D. |
Glucose-6-phosphatase |
| E. |
Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase |
| 28. Which of the following enzymes can increase the risk of developing cancer and its activity can be blocked with glucaric acid? |
| A. |
Hexaminidase A |
| B. |
Arylsulfatase A |
| C. |
Acid ceramidase |
| D. |
Beta-glucuronidase |
| E. |
Beta-galactosidase-1 |
| 29. Which of the following statements
BEST describes glycogenesis? |
| A. |
Glycogenesis is regulated via three hormones: glucagon, epinephrine and cortisol. |
| B. |
The branching enzyme adds 8 -12 glucose molecules to the glycogenin primer. |
| C. |
Glycogen synthase adds glucose molecules via alpha-1, 4-O-glycosidic bonds. |
| D. |
UDP-glucuronate is the precursor molecule for building the structure of glycogen. |
| E. |
Insulin activates the enzymes involved in the release of glucose from glycogen. |
| 30. A 35-year old man has the following symptoms: extreme weigh loss, an enlarged liver, right upper quadrant pain and tenderness, and a yellow tinge to his skin especially in the sclera of the eyes. Laboratory test results shows:
Urinalysis (dipstick): Urine Urobilinogen:
8 mg/dL (Normal Range: 0.2 - 1 mg/dL)Urine Bilirubin:
Present (Measured as positive or negative for presence in urine)Blood Analysis:Alanine aminotransferase (ALT):
50 U/L (Normal Range 5 - 40 U/L)Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP):
110 U/L (Normal Range<140 U/L)Direct Bilirubin:
0.5 mg/dL (Normal Range 0.1 - 0.3 mg/dL)Indirect Bilirubin:
1.0 mg/dL (Normal Range 0.2 - 0.8 mg/dL)Blood IgM Anti-HAV antibodies:
Positive Blood IgG Anti-HAV antibodies:
Negative
Prolonged Prothrombin time (PT) even with vitamin K administrationWhich of the following liver disorders is consistent with these laboratory results? |
| A. |
Sickle cell anemia |
| B. |
Hepatitis A |
| C. |
Biliary obstruction |
| D. |
Physiological jaundice |
| E. |
Pathological jaundice |
| 31. Which of the following statements is a common misconception about diabetes insipidus? |
| A. |
Central diabetes insipidus is caused by damage to the posterior pituitary. |
| B. |
Disease shows high concentration of glucose in both urine and blood. |
| C. |
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by genetic mutations. |
| D. |
Patients can lose up to 16 liters of urine per day causing severe dehydration. |
| E. |
Characteristic symptoms include polydipsia for cold water and polyuria. |
Source:
OpenStax, Biochemistry exercises. OpenStax CNX. Apr 06, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11386/1.4
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