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1.1 An introduction to the human body Read Online
1.2 The chemical level of organization Read Online
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Though you may approach a course in anatomy and physiology strictly as a requirement for your field of study, the knowledge you gain in this course will serve you well in many aspects of your life. An understanding of anatomy and physiology is not only fundamental to any career in the health professions, but it can also benefit your own health. Familiarity with the human body can help you make healthful choices and prompt you to take appropriate action when signs of illness arise. Your knowledge in this field will help you understand news about nutrition, medications, medical devices, and procedures and help you understand genetic or infectious diseases. At some point, everyone will have a problem with some aspect of his or her body and your knowledge can help you to be a better parent, spouse, partner, friend, colleague, or caregiver.
This chapter begins with an overview of anatomy and physiology and a preview of the body regions and functions. It then covers the characteristics of life and how the body works to maintain stable conditions. It introduces a set of standard terms for body structures and for planes and positions in the body that will serve as a foundation for more comprehensive information covered later in the text. It ends with examples of medical imaging used to see inside the living body.
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Question: A counselor educator is running an experiment to test a new form of counseling. Unbeknownst to the experimenter one of the clients in the study is secretly seeing a gestalt therapist. This experiment
Choices:
is parsimonious
is an example of Occam’s Razor
is confounded/fl awed.
is valid and will most likely help the fi eld of counseling
Question: Occam’s Razor suggests that experimenters
Choices:
interpret the results in the simplest manner
interpret the results in the most complex manner
interpret the results using a correlation coeffi cient.
interpret the results using a clinical interview
Question: A professor of counselor education hypothesized that biofeedback training could reduce anxiety and improve the average score on written board exams. If this professor decides to conduct a formal experiment the IV will be the _______, and the DV will be the _______.
Choices:
professor; anxiety level
anxiety level; board exam score.
biofeedback; board exam score.
board exam score; biofeedback.
Question: An experiment is said to be confounded when
Choices:
undesirable variables are not kept out of the experiment
undesirable variables are kept out of the experiment
basic research is used in place of applied research
the sample is random
Question: Nondirective is to person-centered as
Choices:
psychological testing is to counseling
confounding is to experimenting.
appraisal is to research.
parsimony is to Occam’s Razor
Question: Experimenters should always abide by a code of ethics. The variable you manipulate/control in an experiment is the
Choices:
DV
dependent variable
the variable you will measure to determine the outcome.
IV or independent variable.
Question: In order for the professor of counselor education (see question 708) to conduct an experiment regarding his hypothesis he will need a(n) _______ and a(n) _______.
Choices:
biofeedback group; systematic desensitization group.
control group; systematic desensitization group.
control group; experimental group
at least 60 subjects in the control group; at least 60 subjects in the experimental group
Question: The most valuable type of research is
Choices:
always conducted using a factor analysis.
conducted using the chi-square
the experiment, used to discover cause-and-effect relationships.
the quasi-experiment.
Question: In experimental terminology IV stands for _______ and DV stands for _______.
Choices:
independent variable; dependent variable
dependent variable; independent variable.
individual variable; dependent variable
independent variable; designer variable
Question: Experiments emphasize parsimony, which means
Choices:
interpreting the results in the simplest way
interpreting the results in the most complex manner.
interpreting the results using a correlation coeffi cient
interpreting the results using a clinical interview.
Question: In order for the professor of counselor education to conduct the experiment suggested in question 708 the experimental group would need to receive
Choices:
the manipulated IV
the biofeedback training
a and b
the organismic IV
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