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G

  • Gammaproteobacteria class of Proteobacteria that is very diverse and includes a number of human pathogens
  • gas gangrene rapidly spreading infection of necrotic tissues caused by the gram-positive anaerobe Clostridium perfringens and other Clostridium spp.
  • gastritis inflammation of the lining of the stomach
  • gastroenteritis inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestine
  • gene expression production of proteins from the information contained in DNA through the processes of transcription and translation
  • gene gun an apparatus that shoots gold or tungsten particles coated with recombinant DNA molecules at high speeds into plant protoplasts
  • gene silencing a genetic engineering technique in which researchers prevent the expression of a particular gene by using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) to interfere with translation
  • gene therapy a form of treatment for diseases that result from genetic mutations; involves the introduction of nonmutated, functional genes into the genome of the patient, often by way of a viral vector
  • generalized transduction transfer of a random piece of bacterial chromosome DNA by the phage
  • generation time see doubling time
  • genes segments of DNA molecules that code for proteins or stable RNA molecules
  • genetic code correspondence between mRNA nucleotide codons and the translated amino acids
  • genetic engineering the direct alteration of an organism’s genetics to achieve desirable traits
  • genital herpes an STI caused by the herpes simplex virus
  • genital warts soft, pink, irregular growths that develop in the external genitalia or anus as a result of human papillomavirus infection
  • genome entire genetic content of a cell
  • genomic library a repository of an organism’s entire genome maintained as cloned fragments in the genomes of strains of a host organism
  • genomics the study and comparison of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a species and with other species
  • genotype full collection of genes that a cell contains within its genome
  • germ theory of disease the theory that many diseases are the result of microbial infection
  • germination process of an endospore returning to the vegetative state
  • Ghon complex calcified lesion containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; forms in the lungs of patients with tuberculosis
  • giardiasis intestinal infection caused by Giardia lamblia
  • gingivitis inflammation of the gums that can cause bleeding
  • glial cell assists in the organization of neurons, provides a scaffold for some aspects of neuron function, and aids in recovery from neural injury
  • glomerulonephritis a type of kidney infection involving the glomeruli of the nephrons
  • glomerulus capillary bed in the nephron of the kidney that filters blood to form urine
  • glycocalyx cell envelope structure (either capsules or slime layer) outside the cell wall in some bacteria; allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces, aids in biofilm formation, and provides protection from predation
  • glycogen highly branched storage polysaccharide in animal cells and bacteria
  • glycolipid complex lipid that contains a carbohydrate moiety
  • glycolysis first step in the breakdown of glucose, the most common example of which is the Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas pathway, producing two pyruvates, two NADH molecules, and two (net yield) ATP per starting glucose molecule
  • glycopeptides class of antibacterials that inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to peptidoglycan subunits and blocking their insertion into the cell wall backbone, as well as blocking transpeptidation
  • glycoprotein conjugated protein with a carbohydrate attached
  • glycosidic bond forms between the hydroxyl groups of two sugar molecules
  • Golgi apparatus an organelle of the endomembrane system that is composed of a series of flattened membranous disks, called dictyosomes, each having a single lipid bilayer, that are stacked together; important in the processing of lipids and proteins
  • gonorrhea a common STI of the reproductive system caused by Neisseria gonorrheae
  • graft-versus-host disease specific type of transplantation reaction in which a transplanted immune system (e.g., a bone marrow transplant) contains APCs and T cells that are activated and attack the recipient’s tissue
  • Gram stain procedure a differential staining technique that distinguishes bacteria based upon their cell wall structure
  • granulocytes leukocytes found in the peripheral blood that are characterized by numerous granules in the cytoplasm; granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
  • granuloma walled-off area of chronically inflamed tissue containing microbial pathogens, macrophages, and cellular materials unable to be eliminated
  • granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) serious brain infection of immunocompromised individuals caused by Acanthamoeba or Balamuthia mandrillaris
  • granzymes proteases released from a natural killer cell that enter the cytoplasm of a target cell, inducing apoptosis
  • Graves disease hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune disease affecting thyroid function
  • green nonsulfur bacteria similar to green sulfur bacteria but use substrates other than sulfides for oxidation
  • green sulfur bacteria phototrophic, anaerobic bacteria that use sulfide for oxidation and produce large amounts of green bacteriochlorophyll
  • growth curve a graph modeling the number of cells in a culture over time
  • guanine purine nitrogenous base found in nucleotides
  • Guillain-Barré syndrome an autoimmune disease, often triggered by bacterial and viral infections, characterized by the destruction of myelin sheaths around neurons, resulting in flaccid paralysis
  • gummas granulomatous lesions that develop in tertiary syphilis

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu

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Source:  OpenStax, Microbiology. OpenStax CNX. Nov 01, 2016 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col12087/1.4
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