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F
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F
– (recipient) cell
E. coli cell lacking the F plasmid and thus incapable of forming a conjugation pilus but capable of receiving the F plasmid during conjugation
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F pilus (F pili) specialized type of pilus that aids in DNA transfer between cells; conjugation pilus of
E. coli
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F plasmid (fertility factor) bacterial plasmid in
E. coli containing genes encoding the ability to conjugate, including genes encoding the formation of the conjugation pilus
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F’ plasmid integrated F plasmid imprecisely excised from the chromosome; carries with it some chromosomal DNA adjacent to the integration site
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F
+ (donor) cell
E. coli cell containing the F plasmid, capable of forming a conjugation pilus
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Fab region arm of an antibody molecule that includes an antigen-binding site
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facultative anaerobe organism that grows better in the presence of oxygen but can proliferate in its absence
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false negative negative result to a test for an infection or condition (e.g., presence of antigen, antibody, or nucleic acid) when the infection or condition is actually present
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false positive positive result to a test for an infection or condition (e.g., presence of antigen, antibody, or nucleic acid) when the infection or condition is actually absent
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fastidious organism organism that has extensive growth requirements
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fatty acid lipid that contains long-chain hydrocarbons terminated with a carboxylic acid functional group
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fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis technique in which the microbe’s fatty acids are extracted, converted to volatile methyl esters, and analyzed by gas chromatography, yielding chromatograms that may be compared to reference data for identification purposes
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Fc region region on the trunk of an antibody molecule involved in complement activation and opsonization
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feedback inhibition mechanism of regulating metabolic pathway whereby the product of a metabolic pathway noncompetitively binds to an enzyme early on in the pathway, temporarily preventing the synthesis of the product
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fermentation process that uses an organic molecule as a final electron acceptor to regenerate NAD
+ from NADH such that glycolysis can continue
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fever system-wide sign of inflammation that raises the body temperature and stimulates the immune response
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fifth disease a highly contagious illness, more commonly affecting children, marked by a distinctive “slapped-cheek” rash and caused by parvovirus B19
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fimbriae filamentous appendages found by the hundreds on some bacterial cells; they aid adherence to host cells
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fine focusing knob a knob on a microscope that produces relatively small movements to adjust focus
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fixation the process by which cells are killed and attached to a slide
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flagella long, rigid, spiral structures used by prokaryotic cells for motility in aqueous environments; composed of a filament made of flagellin, a hook, and motor (basal body) that are attached to the cell envelope
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flagella staining a staining protocol that uses a mordant to coat the flagella with stain until they are thick enough to be seen
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flagellum (eukaryotic) (plural: flagella) long, whip-like, filamentous external structure found on some eukaryotic cells; composed of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement; used for locomotion
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flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD/FADH
2 ) oxidized/reduced forms of an electron carrier in cells
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flocculant visible aggregation that forms between a substance in suspension (e.g., lipid in water) and antibodies against the substance
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flow cytometry technique analyzing cells for fluorescence intensity; specific subsets of cells are usually labeled in some way prior to the analysis
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fluconazole antifungal drug of the imidazole class that is administered orally or intravenously for the treatment of several types of systemic yeast infections
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fluid mosaic model refers to the ability of membrane components to move fluidly within the plane of the membrane, as well as the mosaic-like composition of the components
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flukes any of the parasitic nonsegmented flatworms (trematodes) that have an oral sucker and sometimes a second ventral sucker; they attach to the inner walls of intestines, lungs, large blood vessels, or the liver in human hosts
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fluorescence microscope a microscope that uses natural fluorochromes or fluorescent stains to increase contrast
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fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) technique for using a flow cytometer to physically separate cells into two populations based on fluorescence intensity
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fluorescent antibody (FA) techniques suite of assays that use a fluorescently labeled antibody to bind to and so make an antigen easy to visualize
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fluorescent enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) EIA in which the substrate is a fluorogen that becomes fluorescent following reaction with the enzyme
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fluorescent the ability of certain materials to absorb energy and then immediately release that energy in the form of light
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fluorochromes chromophores that fluoresce (absorb and then emit light)
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fluorogen nonfluorescent molecule that becomes fluorescent on enzyme or laser activation
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fluorophore molecule that fluoresces when excited by light
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fluoroquinolones class of synthetic antimicrobials that inhibit the activity of DNA gyrase, preventing DNA replication
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focal infection infection in which the pathogen causes infection in one location that then spreads to a secondary location
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focal length the distance from the lens to the image point when the object is at a definite distance from the lens (this is also the distance to the focal point)
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focal point a property of the lens; the image point when light entering the lens is parallel (i.e., the object is an infinite distance from the lens)
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foliose lichens lichens that have lobes that may appear to resemble leaves
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folliculitis a skin infection characterized by localized inflammation of hair follicles, typically producing an itchy red rash
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fomite inanimate item that may harbor microbes and aid in disease transmission
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foodborne disease disease that is transmitted through contaminated food
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fragmentation newly formed cells split away from the parent filament in actinomycetes and cyanobacteria
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frameshift mutation mutation resulting from either an insertion or a deletion in a number of nucleotides that, if not a multiple of three, changes every amino acid after the mutation
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free ribosome eukaryotic 80S ribosome found in the cytoplasm; synthesizes water-soluble proteins
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frequency the rate of vibration for a light wave or other electromagnetic wave
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fruticose lichens lichens that are generally branched with a rounded appearance
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functional groups specific groups of atoms that may occur within a molecule, conferring specific chemical properties
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fungi (singular: fungus) any of various unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms, typically having cell walls made out of chitin and lacking photosynthetic pigments, vascular tissues, and organs
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fungicide chemical or physical treatment that kills fungi
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fungistatic having the ability to inhibit fungal growth, generally by means of chemical or physical treatment
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furuncle a small, purulent skin lesion; sometimes called a boil
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fusion inhibitor antiviral drug that blocks the fusion of HIV receptors to the coreceptors required for virus entry into the cell, specifically, chemokine receptor type 5
Questions & Answers
What are the factors that affect demand for a commodity
differentiate between demand and supply
giving examples
differentiated between demand and supply using examples
Lambiv
how is the graph works?I don't fully understand
hi guys good evening to all
Lambiv
In economics, a perfect market refers to a theoretical construct where all participants have perfect information, goods are homogenous, there are no barriers to entry or exit, and prices are determined solely by supply and demand. It's an idealized model used for analysis,
Ezea
other things being equal
AI-Robot
When MP₁ becomes negative, TP start to decline.
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 •
Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of lab
Kelo
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 •
Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of labour (APL) and marginal product of labour (MPL)
Kelo
Can I ask you other question?
Shukri
What is different between quantity demand and demand?
Quantity demanded refers to the specific amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a give price and within a specific time period. Demand, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses the entire relationship between price and quantity demanded
Ezea
how do you save a country economic situation when it's falling apart
what is the difference between economic growth and development
Economic growth as an increase in the production and consumption of goods and services within an economy.but
Economic development as a broader concept that encompasses not only economic growth but also social & human well being.
Shukri
production function means
Jabir
What do you think is more important to focus on when considering inequality ?
any question about economics?
sir...I just want to ask one question... Define the term contract curve? if you are free please help me to find this answer 🙏
Asui
it is a curve that we get after connecting the pareto optimal combinations of two consumers after their mutually beneficial trade offs
Awais
thank you so much 👍 sir
Asui
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities, where neither p
Cornelius
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities,
Cornelius
Suppose a consumer consuming two commodities X and Y has
The following utility function u=X0.4 Y0.6. If the price of the X and Y are 2 and 3 respectively and income Constraint is birr 50.
A,Calculate quantities of x and y which maximize utility.
B,Calculate value of Lagrange multiplier.
C,Calculate quantities of X and Y consumed with a given price.
D,alculate optimum level of output .
the market for lemon has 10 potential consumers, each having an individual demand curve p=101-10Qi, where p is price in dollar's per cup and Qi is the number of cups demanded per week by the i th consumer.Find the market demand curve using algebra. Draw an individual demand curve and the market dema
suppose the production function is given by ( L, K)=L¼K¾.assuming capital is fixed find APL and MPL. consider the following short run production function:Q=6L²-0.4L³ a) find the value of L that maximizes output b)find the value of L that maximizes marginal product
Abdureman
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Source:
OpenStax, Microbiology. OpenStax CNX. Nov 01, 2016 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col12087/1.4
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