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0.4 Taxonomy of clinically relevant microorganisms

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Bacterial pathogens

The following tables list the species, and some higher groups, of pathogenic Eubacteria mentioned in the text. The classification of Bacteria, one of the three domains of life, is in constant flux as relationships become clearer through sampling of genetic sequences. Many groups at all taxonomic levels still have an undetermined relationship with other members of the phylogenetic tree of Bacteria. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria maintains a published list and descriptions of prokaryotic species. The tables here follow the taxonomic organization in the Bergey’s Manual Taxonomic Outline. Bergey’s Manual Trust. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria, Taxonomic Outline . 2012. http://www.bergeys.org/outlines.html

We have divided the species into tables corresponding to different bacterial phyla. The taxonomic rank of kingdom is not used in prokaryote taxonomy, so the phyla are the subgrouping below domain. Note that many bacterial phyla not represented by these tables. The species and genera are listed only under the class within each phylum. The names given to bacteria are regulated by the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria as maintained by the International Committee on Systematics or Prokaryotes.

Phylum Actinobacteria
Class Genus Species Related Diseases
Actinobacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diptheria
Gardnerella vaginalis Bacterial vaginosis
Micrococcus Opportunistic infections
Mycobacterium bovis Tuberculosis, primarily in cattle
Mycobacterium leprae Hansen’s disease
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis
Propionibacterium acnes Acne, blepharitis, endophthalmitis
Phylum Bacteroidetes
Class Genus Species Related Diseases
Bacteroidia Porphyromonas Periodontal disease
Prevotella intermedia Periodontal disease
Phylum Chlamydiae
Class Genus Species Related Diseases
Chlamydiae Chlamydia psittaci Psittacosis
Chlamydia trachomatis Sexually transmitted chlamydia
Phylum Firmicutes
Class Genus Species Related Diseases
Bacilli Bacillus anthracis Anthrax
Bacillus cereus Diarrheal and emetic food poisoning
Listeria monocytogenes Listeriosis
Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis, septicemia, urinary tract infections, meningitis
Staphylococcus aureus Skin infections, sinusitis, food poisoning
Staphylococcus epidermidis Nosocomial and opportunistic infections
Staphylococcus hominis Opportunistic infections
Staphylococcus saprophyticus Urinary tract infections
Streptococcus agalactiae Postpartum infection, neonatal sepsis
Streptococcus mutans Tooth decay
Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia, many other infections
Streptococcus pyogenes Pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo, necrotizing fasciittis
Clostridia Clostridium botulinum Botulinum poisoning
Clostridium difficile Colitis
Clostridium perfringens Food poisoning, gas gangrene
Clostridium tetani Tetanus
Phylum Fusobacteria
Class Genus Species Related Diseases
Fusobacteriia Fusobacterium Periodontal disease, Lemierre syndrome, skin ulcers
Streptobacillus moniliformis Rat-bite fever
Phylum Proteobacteria
Class Genus Species Related Diseases
Alphaproteobacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
Bartonella henselae Peliosis hepatitis, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis, bacteremia
Bartonella quintana Trench fever
Brucella melitensis Ovine brucellosis
Ehrlichia chaffeensis Human monocytic ehrlichiosis
Rickettsia prowazekii Epidemic typhus
Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rickettsia typhi Murine typhus
Betaproteobacteria Bordetella pertussis Pertussis
Eikenella Bite-injury infections
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gonorrhea
Neisseria meningitidis Meningitis
Spirillum minus (alt. minor) Sodoku (rat-bite fever)
Epsilonproteobacteria Campylobacter jejuni Gastroenteritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome
Helicobacter pylori Gastric ulcers
Gammaproteobacteria Aeromonas hydrophila Dysenteric gastroenteritis
Coxiella burnetii Q fever
Enterobacter Urinary and respiratory infections
Escherichia coli
Strains:
shiga toxin-producing (STEC) (e.g., O157:H7) also called enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) or verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC)		 Foodborne diarrhea outbreaks, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Escherichia coli
Strain:
enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)		 Traveler’s diarrhea
Escherichia coli
Strain:
enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)		 Diarrhea, especially in young children
Escherichia coli
Strain:
enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)		 Diarrheal disease in children and travelers
Escherichia coli
Strain:
diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC)		 Diarrheal disease of children
Escherichia coli
Strain:
enteroinvasive E. coli (EPEC)		 Bacillary dysentery, cells invade intestinal epithelial cells
Francisella tularensis Tularemia
Haemophilus ducreyi Chancroid
Haemophilus influenzae Bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis
Klebsiella pneumoniae Pneumonia, nosocomial infections
Legionella pneumophila Legionnaire’s disease
Moraxella catarrhalis Otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, pneumonia
Pasteurella Pasteurellosis
Plesiomonas shigelloides Gastroenteritis
Proteus Opportunistic urinary tract infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Opportunistic, nosocomial pneumonia and sepsis
Salmonella bongori Salmonellosis
Salmonella enterica Salmonellosis
Serratia Pneumonia, urinary tract infections
Shigella boydii Dysentery
Shigella dysenteriae Dysentery
Shigella flexneri Dysentery
Shigella sonnei Dysentery
Vibrio cholerae Cholera
Vibrio parahemolyticus Seafood gastroenteritis
Vibrio vulnificus Seafood gastroenteritis, necrotizing wound infections, septicemia
Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis
Yersinia pestis Plague
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Far East scarlet-like fever

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Source:  OpenStax, Microbiology. OpenStax CNX. Nov 01, 2016 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col12087/1.4
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