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1.1 What is psychology? Read Online
1.2 History of psychology Read Online
Clive Wearing is an accomplished musician who lost his ability to form new memories when he became sick at the age of 46. While he can remember how to play the piano perfectly, he cannot remember what he ate for breakfast just an hour ago (Sacks, 2007). James Wannerton experiences a taste sensation that is associated with the sound of words. His former girlfriend’s name tastes like rhubarb (Mundasad, 2013). John Nash is a brilliant mathematician and Nobel Prize winner. However, while he was a professor at MIT, he would tell people that the New York Times contained coded messages from extraterrestrial beings that were intended for him. He also began to hear voices and became suspicious of the people around him. Soon thereafter, Nash was diagnosed with schizophrenia and admitted to a state-run mental institution (O’Connor&Robertson, 2002). Nash was the subject of the 2001 movie A Beautiful Mind . Why did these people have these experiences? How does the human brain work? And what is the connection between the brain’s internal processes and people’s external behaviors? This textbook will introduce you to various ways that the field of psychology has explored these questions.
American Board of Forensic Psychology. (2014). Brochure . Retrieved from http://www.abfp.com/brochure.asp
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American Psychological Association. (2011). Psychology as a career. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/education/undergrad/psych-career.aspx
Ashliman, D. L. (2001). Cupid and Psyche. In Folktexts: A library of folktales, folklore, fairy tales, and mythology. Retrieved from http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/cupid.html
Betancourt, H.,&López, S. R. (1993). The study of culture, ethnicity, and race in American psychology. American Psychologist , 48 , 629–637.
Black, S. R., Spence, S. A.,&Omari, S. R. (2004). Contributions of African Americans to the field of psychology. Journal of Black Studies , 35 , 40–64.
Bulfinch, T. (1855). The age of fable: Or, stories of gods and heroes . Boston, MA: Chase, Nichols and Hill.
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 12 , 1–49.
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Start Exam | Download PDF |
This course combines a few different goals: develop a critical eye for making inferences from data; be able to carry out simple data analysis; learn about managerial psychology; develop interesting new questions about managerial psychology and test these questions.
Question: The equation P(B|A) =P(B) is true if the two events, A and B, are
Choices:
Equal
Disjoint
Independent
Conditional
Very unlikely
Question: Which of these statements is not correct about long term memory?
Choices:
The information and its source are stored separately.
We are sometimes able to keep information for a very long time.
Long term memory can be instrumental in helping us construct new memories.
Long term memory links us with our past.
Question: The idea that expectations influence perceptions is
Choices:
Apparent when we consider our ability to perceive objects very fast.
Due to the interplay between short and long term memory.
Means that we see and hear what we expect to see and hear.
Creates the phenomenon of false memories.
Question: Among many possible effects that could have caused the findings in Pennebaker et. al. (1979), which particular confound did the authors specifically mention in their paper?
Choices:
Alcohol consumption
Unclear judgment of attractiveness
Mere exposure
Change of people in the crowd
They didn’t mention any particular problem.
Question: Which one of the following is not a self-control problem?
Choices:
Difficulty to commit to a diet
Difficulty to commit to saving
Lack of investment in education
Procrastination
Question: The standard normal distribution
Choices:
Approaches the binomial distribution as the sample size increases.
Has mean 0 and standard deviation 1.
Has a median that is different from its mean and mode.
Is symmetric but with two modes.
Question: Thomas Gilovich argues that optimism and high levels of self-confidence
Choices:
Can result from unconscious implantations of false memories.
Are dysfunctional adaptations to difficult environments.
May reflect biased and self-serving beliefs.
Are useful mechanisms of adaptation to competitive situations.
Are common among high performing individuals with high levels of self-esteem.
Question: Which of the following situation is not relevant or false for a binomial setting?
Choices:
The probability for success is the same for all observations.
There are a fixed number of observations.
The observations have to be dependent.
We only have two different categories for the observations.
Question: In general, people are more likely to seek out information that
Choices:
Forms an exception to their current theory.
Expands their knowledge to make a fully informed decision
Confirms their hypothesis
Increases the external validity of their observation.
Question: Although there were relatively fewer students pursuing Computer Science and Engineering, Kahneman and Tversky (1972) found that Tom W., described as a dull but highly competent graduate student, was more likely to be a student of Computer Science and Engineering than other more popular disciplines e.g. Social Sciences and Medicine. This finding is consistent with the use of which decisional heuristic in making judgments under uncertainty?
Choices:
Availability
Representativeness
Illusory Correlation
Concreteness
Anchoring
Question: According to Martin Gardner, which are the ways in which the pseudo-scientist’s paranoid tendencies are likely to be exhibited? (Check all that apply.)
Choices:
He considers himself a genius.
He believes himself unjustly persecuted and discriminated against.
He regards his colleagues as ignorant blockheads.
He is incompetent in any field of science.
He often has a tendency to write in complex jargon.