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Sosiale wetenskappe

Graad 7

Natuurgevare

Module 4

Vulkane

1. Vulkane

1.1 Die voorkoms en oorsake van vulkane.

Die gesmelte rots onder die aarde word magna genoem. Wanneer dit op die aardoppervlakte uitvloei, word dit lawa genoem. Oor die presiese oorsake van vulkaniese uitbarstings dink die geleerde mense egter nog nie eenders nie. Niemand kan in die hart van die aarde gaan kyk wat aangaan nie.

Ons weet wel dat die aardkors so swaar op die magma van die mantel rus, dat hierdie vloeibare rots byna soos ‘n pitseer se pit deur ‘n swak plek in die aardkors na boontoe gedruk word. Hierdie gesteentes het ‘n temperatuur van tussen 800ºC en 1 500º C.

As jy ‘n gaskoeldrankblikkie vat en jy skud dit, sal die koeldrank uitspuit as jy dit oopmaak. ‘n Vulkaan werk presies dieselfde – gesmelte rots bars deur die swak plekke in die aardkors en die lawa, rotsblokke en as word die lug ingeskiet.

Die lawa stol en vorm nuwe rotse wat ons stollingsgesteentes noem.

Party vulkane se lawa is baie loperig en vloei ver oor die oppervlakte voordat dit stol. Dun plate stollingsgesteentes word so gevorm. Ander vulkane bou weer ‘n koepel op omdat die lawa taaier is en dus nie ver kan vloei nie.

Soorte vulkane

Met ‘n geweldige uitbarsting kan die koepel se kop heeltemal weggeskiet word en ‘n oop gat ontstaan wat ‘n kaldera genoem word.

Vandag is daar maar ± 450 aktiewe vulkane op die aarde. Hulle hou gelukkig nie altyd aan met uitbars nie en word dan rustende of passiewe vulkane genoem.

Waar kom die meeste vulkane voor?

Daar is sowat 500 vulkane in die wêreld en hulle kom net op sekere plekke voor. Hierdie plekke lê op die rand van die groot plate van die aardkors. As hierdie plate beweeg, ontstaan vulkaniese uitbarstings en aardbewings.

Die verspreiding van die vernaamste vulkaan- en aardbewinggebiede van die aarde

Watter vulkane het die meeste verwoesting aangerig ?

Die vulkaan wat die ergste verwoesting nog aangerig het, is Krakatoa in Indonesië. Dit het in 1883 uitgebars en meer as 36 000 mense het gesterf. Die knal is 5 000 km ver gehoor en die lugbesoedeling het vir jare nog koperkleurige sonsondergange op die aarde veroorsaak.

Nog ‘n bekende voorbeeld van ‘n verwoestende vulkaan is die uitbarsting van berg Vesuvius, wat in 79 n.C. die stad Pompeji in die Baai van Napels heeltemal onder vulkaniese rotse en as begrawe het.

2. Die uitwerking (gevolge) van vulkane op mense se lewens en hul sosio-ekonomiese aktiwiteite

In die swart hemel van die nag vonkel duisende liggies. Op ‘n afstand lyk dit na ‘n ontsaglike vuurwerkvertoning soos die vulkaan in gloeiende rotse en strome van vuur ontplof. Rotse en as word die lug in geskiet en veroorsaak lugbesoedeling.

Oor die rand van die krater kruip die rivier van rooi, rokende lawa – warm bloed van die lewende aarde, soos iemand dit al treffend beskryf het.

Kilometers ver vloei dit miskien deur vrugbare valleie, verteer dit elke grashalm en selfs bome op sy pad. Maar ook huise verkrummel en stede word onder die voortstuwende gloed begrawe. Mense wat dit oorleef, vlug van die hange af ; warm as reën op hulle neer. Lewensverliese kom ook voor omdat mense versmoor as gevolg van die verstikkende swaelgasse en asreën wat ontstaan.

Questions & Answers

Discuss the differences between taste and flavor, including how other sensory inputs contribute to our  perception of flavor.
John Reply
taste refers to your understanding of the flavor . while flavor one The other hand is refers to sort of just a blend things.
Faith
While taste primarily relies on our taste buds, flavor involves a complex interplay between taste and aroma
Kamara
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Ummi Reply
omeprazole
Kamara
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Renee
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Omeprazole Cimetidine / Tagament For the complicated once ulcer - kit
Patrick
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Nency Reply
Not really sure
Eli
to drain extracellular fluid all over the body.
asegid
The lymphatic system plays several crucial roles in the human body, functioning as a key component of the immune system and contributing to the maintenance of fluid balance. Its main functions include: 1. Immune Response: The lymphatic system produces and transports lymphocytes, which are a type of
asegid
to transport fluids fats proteins and lymphocytes to the blood stream as lymph
Adama
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Oyindarmola Reply
Anatomy is the identification and description of the structures of living things
Kamara
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Oyerinde Reply
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, while physiology is the study of the function of the body. Anatomy looks at the body's organs and systems, while physiology looks at how those organs and systems work together to keep the body functioning.
AI-Robot
what is enzymes all about?
Mohammed Reply
Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies. Enzymes are essential for digestion, liver function and much more. Too much or too little of a certain enzyme can cause health problems
Kamara
yes
Prince
how does the stomach protect itself from the damaging effects of HCl
Wulku Reply
little girl okay how does the stomach protect itself from the damaging effect of HCL
Wulku
it is because of the enzyme that the stomach produce that help the stomach from the damaging effect of HCL
Kamara
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Ali Reply
function of digestive
Ali
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Adaeze Reply
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Diya Reply
37 degrees selcius
Xolo
37°c
Stephanie
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Mark
36.5
Simon
37°c
Iyogho
the normal temperature is 37°c or 98.6 °Fahrenheit is important for maintaining the homeostasis in the body the body regular this temperature through the process called thermoregulation which involves brain skin muscle and other organ working together to maintain stable internal temperature
Stephanie
37A c
Wulku
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Diya Reply
anaemia is the decrease in RBC count hemoglobin count and PVC count
Eniola
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Organ Systems Of The Human Body (Continued) Organ Systems Of The Human Body (Continued)
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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 09, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11020/1.1
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