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Getalpatrone

In vorige jare het jy patrone gesien in die vorm van prentjies en getalle. In hierde hoofstuk sal ons meer leer van die wiskunde van patrone. Patrone is herkenbaar as herhalende reekse wat gevind kan word in die natuur, vorms, gebeure, groepe van getalle en op baie ander plekke in ons daaglikse lewe. Byvoorbeeld, patrone kan gevind word in die sade van sonneblomme, sneeuvlokkies, geometriese patrone op lappieskomberse en teëls en reekse getalle soos 0; 4; 8; 12; 16; ...

Ondersoek : patrone

Kan jy die patrone herken in die volgende reekse van getalle?

  1. 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; ...
  2. 1; 2; 4; 7; 11; ...
  3. 1; 4; 9; 16; 25; ...
  4. 5; 10; 20; 40; 80; ...

Algemene getalpatrone

Reekse van getalle kan interessante patrone bevat. Die volgende is ʼn lys van die mees algemene patrone en hoe hulle gevorm word.

Voorbeelde:

  1. 1 ; 4 ; 7 ; 10 ; 13 ; 16 ; 19 ; 22 ; 25 ; . . . Hierdie reeks het ʼn verskil van 3 tussen al die getalle. Die patroon word gevorm deur elke keer 3 by te tel by die vorige getal.
  2. 3 ; 8 ; 13 ; 18 ; 23 ; 28 ; 33 ; 38 ; . . . Hierdie reeks het ʼn verskil van 5 tussen al die getalle. Die patroon word gevorm deur elke keer 5 by te tel by die vorige getal.
  3. 2 ; 4 ; 8 ; 16 ; 32 ; 64 ; 128 ; 256 ; . . . Hierdie reeks het ʼn faktor van 2 tussen al die getalle. Die volgende getal in die reeks word gevorm deur die vorige een met 2 te vermenigvuldig.
  4. 3 ; 9 ; 27 ; 81 ; 243 ; 729 ; 2187 ; . . . Hierdie reeks het ʼn faktor van 3 tussen al die getalle. Die volgende getal in die reeks word gevorm deur die vorige een met 3 te vermenigvuldig.

Spesiale reekse

Driehoeksgetalle

1 ; 3 ; 6 ; 10 ; 15 ; 21 ; 28 ; 36 ; 45 ; . . .

Hierdie reekse word gevorm deur ʼn patroon van kolletjies wat ʼn driehoek vorm. Deur nog ʼn ry kolletjies aan te heg (waar die elke nuwe ry een meer kolletjie bevat as die vorige een) en die kolletjies te tel, is dit moontlik om die volgende getal in die reeks te vind.

Vierkantsgetalle

1 ; 4 ; 9 ; 16 ; 25 ; 36 ; 49 ; 64 ; 81 ; . . .

Die waarde van ʼn term in die reeks word gevind deur die posisie (pleknommer in die ry) te kwadreer. Die tweede getal in die reeks is 2 kwadraat ( 2 2 o f 2 × 2 ). Die sewende getal is 7 kwadraat ( 7 2 o f 7 × 7 ) ens.

Derdemagsgetalle

1 ; 8 ; 27 ; 64 ; 125 ; 216 ; 343 ; 512 ; 729 ; . . .

Die waarde van ʼn term in die reeks word gevind deur die posisie tot die derde mag te verhef. Die tweede getal in die reeks is 2 tot die mag 3 ( 2 3 o f 2 × 2 × 2 ). Die sewende getal in die reeks is 7 tot die mag 3 ( 7 3 o f 7 × 7 × 7 ) ens.

Fibonacci getalle

0 ; 1 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 5 ; 8 ; 13 ; 21 ; 34 ; . . .

Die waarde van ʼn term in die reeks word gevind deur die vorige twee getalle in die reeks bymekaar te tel. Die 2 word gevind deur die vorige twee getalle in die reeks bymekaar te tel ( 1 + 1 ). Die 21 word gevind deur die twee getalle voor die 2 in die reeks bymekaar te tel ( 8 + 13 ). Die volgende getal in die reeks sal 55 wees ( 21 + 34 ).

Kan jy die volgende paar getalle vind?

Khan academy video oor getalpatrone - 1

Gestel jy en 3 vriende besluit om te studeer vir wiskunde, en dat julle om ʼn vierkantige tafel sit. ʼn Paar minute later sluit 2 ander vriende by julle aan en hulle wil kom sit. Om sitplek te kry vir hulle, besluit julle om ʼn tafel te skuif en dit langs julle tafel te sit sodat daar genoeg sitplek is vir die 6 van julle. Daarna besluit nog 2 van jou vriende om by julle aan te sluit en julle skuif ʼn derde tafel sodat daar genoeg plek is vir 8 van julle.

Twee ekstra mense kan sit vir elke tafel wat hulle bysit.

Ondersoek hoe die aantal mense om die tafels verband hou met die aantal tafels.

  1. Aantal tafels , n Aantal mense wat sitplek het
    1 4 = 4
    2 4 + 2 = 6
    3 4 + 2 + 2 = 8
    4 4 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10
    n 4 + 2 + 2 + 2 + ... + 2
  2. Ons kan sien dat met 3 tafels is daar plek vir 8 mense, met 4 tafels is daar plek vir 10 mense ens. Ons begin met 4 mense en voeg elke keer 2 mense by. So, vir elke tafel wat bygevoeg word, is daar sitplek vir nog 2 mense.

Questions & Answers

how does the planets on our solar system orbit
cheten Reply
how many Messier objects are there in space
satish Reply
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Richard Reply
what are astronomy
Issan Reply
Astronomy (from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía) 'science that studies the laws of the stars') is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution.
Rafael
vjuvu
Elgoog
what is big bang theory?
Rosemary
what type of activity astronomer do?
Rosemary
No
Richard
the big bang theory is a theory which states that all matter was compressed together in one place the matter got so unstable it exploded releasing All its contents in the form of hydrogen
Roaul
I want to be an astronomer. That's my dream
Astrit
Who named the the whole galaxy?
Shola Reply
solar Univers
GPOWER
what is space
Richard
what is the dark matter
Richard
what are the factors upon which the atmosphere is stratified
Nicholas Reply
is the big bang the sun
Folakemi Reply
no
Sokak
bigbang is the beginning of the universe
Sokak
but thats just a theory
Sokak
nothing will happen, don't worry brother.
Vansh
what does comet means
GANGAIN Reply
these are Rocky substances between mars and jupiter
GANGAIN
Comets are cosmic snowballs of frozen gases , rock and dust that orbit the sun. They are mostly found between the orbits of Venus and Mercury.
Aarya
hllo
John
hi
John
qt rrt
John
r u there
John
hey can anyone guide me abt international astronomy olympiad
sahil
how can we learn right and true ?
Govinda Reply
why the moon is always appear in an elliptical shape
Gatjuol Reply
Because when astroid hit the Earth then a piece of elliptical shape of the earth was separated which is now called moon.
Hemen
what's see level?
lidiya Reply
Did you mean eye sight or sea level
Minal
oh sorry it's sea level
lidiya
according to the theory of astronomers why the moon is always appear in an elliptical orbit?
Gatjuol
hi !!! I am new in astronomy.... I have so many questions in mind .... all of scientists of the word they just give opinion only. but they never think true or false ... i respect all of them... I believes whole universe depending on true ...থিউরি
Govinda
hello
Jackson
hi
Elyana
we're all stars and galaxies a part of sun. how can science prove thx with respect old ancient times picture or books..or anything with respect to present time .but we r a part of that universe
w astronomy and cosmology!
Michele
another theory of universe except big ban
Albash Reply
how was universe born
Asmit Reply
there many theory to born universe but what is the reality of big bang theory to born universe
Asmit
what is the exact value of π?
Nagalakshmi
by big bang
universal
there are many theories regarding this it's on you believe any theory that you think is true ex. eternal inflation theory, oscillation model theory, multiple universe theory the big bang theory etc.
Aarya
I think after Big Bang!
Michele
from where on earth could u observe all the stars during the during the course of an year
Karuna Reply
I think it couldn't possible on earth
Nagalakshmi
in this time i don't Know
Michele
is that so. the question was in the end of this chapter
Karuna
in theory, you could see them all from the equator (though over the course of a year, not at pne time). stars are measured in "declination", which is how far N or S of the equator (90* to -90*). Polaris is the North star, and is ALMOST 90* (+89*). So it would just barely creep over the horizon.
Christopher
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Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 10) [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Aug 04, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11328/1.4
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