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.d unit
Instruction Description
ADD(U) signed or unsigned integer addition without saturation
ADDAB (B/H/W) integer addition using addressing mode
LDB (B/H/W) load from memory with a 15-bit constant offset
MV move from register to register
STB (B/H/W) store to memory with a register offset or 5-bit unsigned constant offset
SUB(U) signed or unsigned integer subtraction without saturation
SUBAB (B/H/W) integer subtraction using addressing mode
ZERO zero a register (pseudo-operation)
.m unit
Instruction Description
MPY (U/US/SU) signed or unsigned integer multiply 16lsb*16lsb
MPYH (U/US/SU) signed or unsigned integer multiply 16msb*16msb
MPYLH signed or unsigned integer multiply 16lsb*16msb
MPYHL signed or unsigned integer multiply 16msb*16lsb
SMPY (HL/LH/H) integer multiply with left shift and saturation

Useful assembler directives

Other than the CPU instruction set, there are special commandsto the assembler that direct the assembler to do various jobs when assembling the code. There are useful assembler directives you can use to let the assembler know various settings, such as .set, .macro, .endm, .ref, .align, .word, .byte .include .

The .set directive defines a symbolic name. For example, you can have

1 count .set 40

The assembler replaces each occurrence of count with 40 .

The .ref directive is used to declare symbolic names defined in another file. It is similar to the extern declaration in C.

The .space directive reserves a memory space with specified number of bytes. For example, you canhave

1 buffer .space 128

to define a buffer of size 128 bytes. The symbol buffer has the address of the first byte reserved by .space . The .bes directive is similar to .space , but the label has the address of the last byte reserved.

To put a constant value in the memory, you can use .byte , .word , etc. If you have

1 const1 .word 0x1234

the assembler places the word constant 0x1234 at a memory location and const1 has the address of the memory location. .byte etc. works similarly.

Sometimes you need to place your data or code at specific memory address boundaries such as word, halfword, etc. You can use the .align directive to do this. For example, if you have

1 .align 4 2 buffer .space 1283 ...

the first address of the reserved 128 bytes is at the word boundary in memory, that is the 2 LSBs of the address (inbinary) are 0. Similarly, for half-word alignment, you should have .align directive to do this. For example, if you have

1 .align 2 2 buffer .space 1283 ...

the .include directive is used to read the source lines from another file. The instruction

1 .include ``other.asm''

will input the lines in other.asm at this location. This is useful when working with multiple files.Instead of making a project having multiple files, you can simply include these different files in one file.

How do you write comments in your assembly program? Anything that follows ; is considered a comment and ignored by the assembler. For example,

Questions & Answers

what is mutation
Janga Reply
what is a cell
Sifune Reply
how is urine form
Sifune
what is antagonism?
mahase Reply
classification of plants, gymnosperm features.
Linsy Reply
what is the features of gymnosperm
Linsy
how many types of solid did we have
Samuel Reply
what is an ionic bond
Samuel
What is Atoms
Daprince Reply
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Merolyn
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Merolyn
what's bulbourethral gland
Eduek Reply
urine is formed in the nephron of the renal medulla in the kidney. It starts from filtration, then selective reabsorption and finally secretion
onuoha Reply
State the evolution relation and relevance between endoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeleton as it relates to cell.
Jeremiah
what is heart
Konadu Reply
how is urine formed in human
Konadu
how is urine formed in human
Rahma
what is the diference between a cavity and a canal
Pelagie Reply
what is the causative agent of malaria
Diamond
malaria is caused by an insect called mosquito.
Naomi
Malaria is cause by female anopheles mosquito
Isaac
Malaria is caused by plasmodium Female anopheles mosquitoe is d carrier
Olalekan
a canal is more needed in a root but a cavity is a bad effect
Commander
what are pathogens
Don Reply
In biology, a pathogen (Greek: πάθος pathos "suffering", "passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is anything that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s.[1][2
Zainab
A virus
Commander
Definition of respiration
Muhsin Reply
respiration is the process in which we breath in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide
Achor
how are lungs work
Commander
where does digestion begins
Achiri Reply
in the mouth
EZEKIEL
what are the functions of follicle stimulating harmones?
Rashima Reply
stimulates the follicle to release the mature ovum into the oviduct
Davonte
what are the functions of Endocrine and pituitary gland
Chinaza
endocrine secrete hormone and regulate body process
Achor
while pituitary gland is an example of endocrine system and it's found in the Brain
Achor
what's biology?
Egbodo Reply
Biology is the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized field that cover their morphology, physiology,anatomy, behaviour,origin and distribution.
Lisah
biology is the study of life.
Alfreda
Biology is the study of how living organisms live and survive in a specific environment
Sifune
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Source:  OpenStax, Dsp lab with ti c6x dsp and c6713 dsk. OpenStax CNX. Feb 18, 2013 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11264/1.6
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