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In previous chapters for orthogonal wavelets, the analysis filters and synthesis filters are time reversal of each other; i.e., , . Here, for the biorthogonal case, we relax these restrictions. However, in order to perfectlyreconstruct the input, these four filters still have to satisfy a set of relations.
Let be the input to the filter banks in [link] , then the outputs of the analysis filter banks are
The output of the synthesis filter bank is
Substituting Equation [link] into [link] and interchanging the summations gives
For perfect reconstruction, i.e., , we need
Fortunately, this condition can be greatly simplified. In order for it to hold, the four filters have to be related as [link]
up to some constant factors. Thus they are cross-related by time reversal and flipping signs of every other element. Clearly, when , we get the familiar relations between the scaling coefficients and the wavelet coefficients for orthogonal wavelets, . Substituting [link] back to [link] , we get
In the orthogonal case, we have ; i.e., is orthogonal to even translations of itself. Here is orthogonal to , thus the name biorthogonal .
Equation [link] is the key to the understanding of the biorthogonal filter banks. Let's assume is nonzero when , and is nonzero when . Equation [link] implies that [link]
In the orthogonal case, this reduces to the well-known fact that the length of has to be even. [link] also imply that the difference between the lengths of and must be even. Thus their lengths must be both even or both odd.
We now look at the scaling function and wavelet to see how removing orthogonality and introducing a dual basis changes their characteristics.We start again with the basic multiresolution definition of the scaling function and add to that a similar definition of a dual scaling function.
From Theorem [link] in Chapter: The Scaling Function and Scaling Coefficients, Wavelet and Wavelet Coefficients , we know that for and to exist,
Continuing to parallel the construction of the orthogonal wavelets, we also define the wavelet and the dual wavelet as
Now that we have the scaling and wavelet functions and their duals, the question becomes whether we can expand and reconstruct arbitrary functionsusing them. The following theorem [link] answers this important question.
Theorem 37 For and satisfying [link] , suppose that for some C, ,
If and defined above have sufficient decay in the frequency domain, then constitute a frame in . Their dual frame is given by ; for any ,
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