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Blind students should not be excluded from physics courses because of inaccessible textbooks. The modules in this collection present physics concepts in a format that blind students can read using accessibility tools. These modules are intended to supplement and not to replace the physics textbook.

Table of contents

Preface

General

This is the first module in a collection of modules designed to make physics accessible to blind students.

If you opened this page in the Book context, a Table of Contents for the book (or collection) should be available above and to the left of this paragraph.Otherwise, click here to open the page in the context of the Book.

This book is intended to supplement but not to replace the textbook in an introductory high school or collegephysics course.

Impetus for this collection of modules

I am a professor of Computer Information Technology at Austin Community College in Austin, TX. For the past couple of years, I have had the privilege ofteaching object-oriented Java programming to a blind student. That has gone very well.

Assist a student in physics

During a recent semester, I volunteered to assist this student in her efforts to successfully complete a physics course that she was taking in anotherdepartment of the college. I quickly learned that she faced significant barriers in this endeavor, not the least of which was thegeneral lack of accessibility provided by the electronic versions of the textbook. (The student had access to both pdf and Word formats of the textbook.)

Not compatible with accessibility tools

I am not visually impaired, so for me the textbook was adequate. However, it contains numerous elements that don't work well when viewed by ablind student using accessibility tools such as an audible screen reader and an electronic line-by-line Braille display.

Pictures and diagrams

For example, each chapter contains numerous pictures and diagrams that are an integral part of the teaching material. In some cases, there is a reasonableverbal explanation for a picture or diagram and in some cases there is little or no explanation. Therefore, a blind student using this particular textbook isdeprived of a significant portion of the teaching material.

Physics can be difficult under the best of conditions

Learning physics is difficult for many students even when they have full access to all of theavailable teaching resources. Learning physics is even more difficult when the student is deprived of some of the available teaching resources.

Greek characters

While it is not surprising that the textbook is full of Greek characters and other fancy typesetting elements such as subscripts, superscripts, vectorsymbols, etc., this also leads to difficulties relative to the use of a screen reader and Braille display.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Accessible physics concepts for blind students. OpenStax CNX. Oct 02, 2015 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11294/1.36
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