# Symbols and their meanings

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This module defines symbols used throughout the Collaborative Statistics textbook.
Symbols and their meanings
Chapter (1st used) Symbol Spoken Meaning
Sampling and Data $\sqrt{}$ The square root of same
Sampling and Data $\pi$ Pi 3.14159… (a specific number)
Descriptive Statistics $\mathrm{Q1}$ Quartile one the first quartile
Descriptive Statistics $\mathrm{Q2}$ Quartile two the second quartile
Descriptive Statistics $\mathrm{Q3}$ Quartile three the third quartile
Descriptive Statistics $\mathrm{IQR}$ inter-quartile range Q3-Q1=IQR
Descriptive Statistics $\overline{x}$ x-bar sample mean
Descriptive Statistics $\mu$ mu population mean
Descriptive Statistics $s$ ${s}_{x}$ $\mathrm{sx}$ s sample standard deviation
Descriptive Statistics ${s}^{2}$ ${s}_{x}^{2}$ s-squared sample variance
Descriptive Statistics $\sigma$ ${\sigma }_{x}$ $\mathrm{\sigma x}$ sigma population standard deviation
Descriptive Statistics ${\sigma }^{2}$ ${\sigma }_{x}^{2}$ sigma-squared population variance
Descriptive Statistics $\Sigma$ capital sigma sum
Probability Topics $\left\{\right\}$ brackets set notation
Probability Topics $S$ S sample space
Probability Topics $A$ Event A event A
Probability Topics $P\left(A\right)$ probability of A probability of A occurring
Probability Topics $P\left(A\mid B\right)$ probability of A given B prob. of A occurring given B has occurred
Probability Topics $P\left(A\mathrm{or}B\right)$ prob. of A or B prob. of A or B or both occurring
Probability Topics $P\left(A\mathrm{and}B\right)$ prob. of A and B prob. of both A and B occurring (same time)
Probability Topics $\mathrm{A\text{'}}$ A-prime, complement of A complement of A, not A
Probability Topics $P\left(\mathrm{A\text{'}}\right)$ prob. of complement of A same
Probability Topics ${G}_{1}$ green on first pick same
Probability Topics $P\left({G}_{1}\right)$ prob. of green on first pick same
Discrete Random Variables $\mathrm{PDF}$ prob. distribution function same
Discrete Random Variables $X$ X the random variable X
Discrete Random Variables $\mathrm{X~}$ the distribution of X same
Discrete Random Variables $B$ binomial distribution same
Discrete Random Variables $G$ geometric distribution same
Discrete Random Variables $H$ hypergeometric dist. same
Discrete Random Variables $P$ Poisson dist. same
Discrete Random Variables $\lambda$ Lambda average of Poisson distribution
Discrete Random Variables $\ge$ greater than or equal to same
Discrete Random Variables $\le$ less than or equal to same
Discrete Random Variables $=$ equal to same
Discrete Random Variables $\ne$ not equal to same
Continuous Random Variables $f\left(x\right)$ f of x function of x
Continuous Random Variables $\mathrm{pdf}$ prob. density function same
Continuous Random Variables $U$ uniform distribution same
Continuous Random Variables $\mathrm{Exp}$ exponential distribution same
Continuous Random Variables $k$ k critical value
Continuous Random Variables $f\left(x\right)=$ f of x equals same
Continuous Random Variables $m$ m decay rate (for exp. dist.)
The Normal Distribution $N$ normal distribution same
The Normal Distribution $z$ z-score same
The Normal Distribution $Z$ standard normal dist. same
The Central Limit Theorem $\text{CLT}$ Central Limit Theorem same
The Central Limit Theorem $\overline{X}$ X-bar the random variable X-bar
The Central Limit Theorem ${\mu }_{x}$ mean of X the average of X
The Central Limit Theorem ${\mu }_{\overline{x}}$ mean of X-bar the average of X-bar
The Central Limit Theorem ${\sigma }_{x}$ standard deviation of X same
The Central Limit Theorem ${\sigma }_{\overline{x}}$ standard deviation of X-bar same
The Central Limit Theorem $\Sigma X$ sum of X same
The Central Limit Theorem $\Sigma x$ sum of x same
Confidence Intervals $\text{CL}$ confidence level same
Confidence Intervals $\text{CI}$ confidence interval same
Confidence Intervals $\text{EBM}$ error bound for a mean same
Confidence Intervals $\text{EBP}$ error bound for a proportion same
Confidence Intervals $t$ student-t distribution same
Confidence Intervals $\text{df}$ degrees of freedom same
Confidence Intervals ${t}_{\frac{\alpha }{2}}$ student-t with a/2 area in right tail same
Confidence Intervals $\mathrm{p\text{'}}$ $\stackrel{^}{p}$ p-prime; p-hat sample proportion of success
Confidence Intervals $\mathrm{q\text{'}}$ $\stackrel{^}{q}$ q-prime; q-hat sample proportion of failure
Hypothesis Testing ${H}_{0}$ H-naught, H-sub 0 null hypothesis
Hypothesis Testing ${H}_{a}$ H-a, H-sub a alternate hypothesis
Hypothesis Testing ${H}_{1}$ H-1, H-sub 1 alternate hypothesis
Hypothesis Testing $\alpha$ alpha probability of Type I error
Hypothesis Testing $\beta$ beta probability of Type II error
Hypothesis Testing $\overline{\mathrm{X1}}-\overline{\mathrm{X2}}$ X1-bar minus X2-bar difference in sample means
${\mu }_{1}-{\mu }_{2}$ mu-1 minus mu-2 difference in population means
$P{\text{'}}_{1}-P{\text{'}}_{2}$ P1-prime minus P2-prime difference in sample proportions
${p}_{1}-{p}_{2}$ p1 minus p2 difference in population proportions
Chi-Square Distribution ${Χ}^{2}$ Ky-square Chi-square
$O$ Observed Observed frequency
$E$ Expected Expected frequency
Linear Regression and Correlation $y=a+\mathrm{bx}$ y equals a plus b-x equation of a line
$\stackrel{^}{y}$ y-hat estimated value of y
$r$ correlation coefficient same
$\epsilon$ error same
$\mathrm{SSE}$ Sum of Squared Errors same
$1.9s$ 1.9 times s cut-off value for outliers
F-Distribution and ANOVA $F$ F-ratio F ratio

#### Questions & Answers

how to know photocatalytic properties of tio2 nanoparticles...what to do now
Akash Reply
it is a goid question and i want to know the answer as well
Maciej
Do somebody tell me a best nano engineering book for beginners?
s. Reply
what is fullerene does it is used to make bukky balls
Devang Reply
are you nano engineer ?
s.
what is the Synthesis, properties,and applications of carbon nano chemistry
Abhijith Reply
Mostly, they use nano carbon for electronics and for materials to be strengthened.
Virgil
is Bucky paper clear?
CYNTHIA
so some one know about replacing silicon atom with phosphorous in semiconductors device?
s. Reply
Yeah, it is a pain to say the least. You basically have to heat the substarte up to around 1000 degrees celcius then pass phosphene gas over top of it, which is explosive and toxic by the way, under very low pressure.
Harper
Do you know which machine is used to that process?
s.
how to fabricate graphene ink ?
SUYASH Reply
for screen printed electrodes ?
SUYASH
What is lattice structure?
s. Reply
of graphene you mean?
Ebrahim
or in general
Ebrahim
in general
s.
Graphene has a hexagonal structure
tahir
On having this app for quite a bit time, Haven't realised there's a chat room in it.
Cied
what is biological synthesis of nanoparticles
Sanket Reply
what's the easiest and fastest way to the synthesize AgNP?
Damian Reply
China
Cied
types of nano material
abeetha Reply
I start with an easy one. carbon nanotubes woven into a long filament like a string
Porter
many many of nanotubes
Porter
what is the k.e before it land
Yasmin
what is the function of carbon nanotubes?
Cesar
I'm interested in nanotube
Uday
what is nanomaterials​ and their applications of sensors.
Ramkumar Reply
what is nano technology
Sravani Reply
what is system testing?
AMJAD
preparation of nanomaterial
Victor Reply
Yes, Nanotechnology has a very fast field of applications and their is always something new to do with it...
Himanshu Reply
good afternoon madam
AMJAD
what is system testing
AMJAD
what is the application of nanotechnology?
Stotaw
In this morden time nanotechnology used in many field . 1-Electronics-manufacturad IC ,RAM,MRAM,solar panel etc 2-Helth and Medical-Nanomedicine,Drug Dilivery for cancer treatment etc 3- Atomobile -MEMS, Coating on car etc. and may other field for details you can check at Google
Azam
anybody can imagine what will be happen after 100 years from now in nano tech world
Prasenjit
after 100 year this will be not nanotechnology maybe this technology name will be change . maybe aftet 100 year . we work on electron lable practically about its properties and behaviour by the different instruments
Azam
name doesn't matter , whatever it will be change... I'm taking about effect on circumstances of the microscopic world
Prasenjit
how hard could it be to apply nanotechnology against viral infections such HIV or Ebola?
Damian
silver nanoparticles could handle the job?
Damian
not now but maybe in future only AgNP maybe any other nanomaterials
Azam
Hello
Uday
I'm interested in Nanotube
Uday
this technology will not going on for the long time , so I'm thinking about femtotechnology 10^-15
Prasenjit
can nanotechnology change the direction of the face of the world
Prasenjit Reply
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
Smarajit Reply
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Source:  OpenStax, Elementary statistics. OpenStax CNX. Dec 30, 2013 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10966/1.4
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