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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 9

Die aarde, sterrestelsels en ruimteprogramme

Module 15

Planete van ons sonnestelsel

Die volgende skets toon die binnekring-planete van ons sonnestelsel

Statistiek van die binnekring-planete

Naam Mercurius Venus Aarde Mars
Deursnit (km) 4 878 12 104 12 750 6 787
Massa as % van die aarde 0,06 0,8 - 0,1
Afstand van son (in miljoene km) 58 108 150 228
Aantal mane 0 0 1 2
Ander feite
  • Geen atmosfeer
  • Swawelsuurwolke
  • Digte CO 2 vang hitte vas en gee opper­vlak-temperatuur van 480°C
  • Tol in teenoorge­stelde rigting as alle ander planete
  • Die rooi planeet (a.g.v. yster)
  • Temperature tussen –125°C en 20°C
  • Tekens van water­damp

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om afleidings te maak en te interpreteer

1. Hoeveel planete wentel om die son?

2. Watter planeet is die naaste aan die son?

3. Watter planeet is verste van die son in die skets?

4. Wat is die vorm van die planete se wentelbane?

5. Watter planeet word die aarde se tweelingplaneet genoem omdat dit dieselfde vanuit die ruimte vertoon?

6. Watter planeet van hierdie groep het eienskappe naaste aan dié van die aarde?

Assessering van INTERPRETASIE:

Het jy die korrekte afleidings gemaak?

[LU 2.3]

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om die wentelbane van die planete te teken

Die volgende skets toon die buitekring-planete van ons sonnestelsel .

Assessering van wentelbaansketse:

Het jy die diagram korrek voorgestel?

[LU 2.1]

Statistiek van die buitekring-planete

Naam Jupiter Saturnus Uranus Neptunus Pluto
Deursnit (km) 142 800 120 660 51 118 49 528 2 300
Massa = x keer dié van die aarde 318 95 14,5 17 0,0025
Afstand van son (in miljoene km) 778 1 429 2 871 4 500 5 913
Aantal mane 16 18 15 8 1
Ander feite
  • Gaswolke be­dek die hele planeet
  • Het ’n groot rooi vlek – vermoe­delik ’n groot orkaan
  • Galileo Galilei het in die laat 1500’s reeds vier van die mane gesien.
  • Die grootste maan is groter as Mercurius.
  • Titan, die een maan, het sy eie atmosfeer
  • Ringe van verbrokkelde rots/ysstuk­ke rondom die planeet
  • ’n Ysreus, -197°C in sy atmos­feer
  • Winde waai teen 1 400km/uur
  • -225°C
  • -223°C

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om vrae oor planete te beantwoord

Watter planeet het:

1. ’n rooi kol?

2. ysringe?

3. die sterkste winde?

4. die grootste massa?

5. die meeste mane?

6. die laagste temperatuur?

7. die grootste deursnit?

8. die hoogste temperature?

9. ’n maan met ’n atmosfeer?

10. ’n maan groter as ’n ander planeet?

Assessering van PLANEETVRAE:

Het jy die vrae korrek beantwoord? [LU 2.3]

Aktiwiteit 4:

Afstandverwerking (translasietaak)

Opdrag:

Translasietaak

1. Bestudeer bostaande waardes en voorgestelde afstande vanaf die son.

1 cm = 1 astronomiese eenheid

Identifiseer die planete:

A

B

C

D

2. Rangskik die planete van grootste na kleinste

3. Watter planeet is 5 x verder van die son as die aarde?

4. Watter planeet is 30 x verder van die son as die aarde?

5. Mars se gravitasie is 0,39 van dié van die aarde. As jy op aarde 100 kg weeg, sal jy op Mars 100 x 0,39 kg weeg, d.w.s. 39 kg.

Hoeveel weeg jy op aarde?

Bereken hoeveel jy sal weeg op die verskillende planete en voltooi die tabel:

Planeet Oppervlakswaartekrag Jou gewig
Mercurius 0,39 ..................................................
Venus 0,91 ..................................................
Aarde 1,00 ..................................................
Mars 0,39 ..................................................
Jupiter 2,60 ..................................................
Saturnus 1,10 ..................................................
Uranus 0,88 ..................................................
Neptunus 1,14 ..................................................
Pluto 0,05 (ongeveer) ..................................................

6. Op watter planeet sal jy:

(a) die ligste weeg?

  1. die swaarste weeg?

Assessering van TRANSLASIETAAK:

Het jy die omskakelings korrek gedoen? Kon jy die inligting kategoriseer?

[LU 2.2; LU 2.4]

Aktiwiteit 5:

Om ‘n drie-dimensionele bouprojek aan te pak

BOU ’n SONNESTELSEL

Daar kan in groepe gewerk word om

  • ’n volledige sonnestelsel
  • slegs die binnekringplanete
  • slegs die buitekringplanete
  • individuele planete

te bou.

  • Die projek moet drie-dimensioneel, kleurvol en bruikbaar vir die opvoeder wees.
  • Voorstel: Gebruik papiermaché, of koerantpapier, stysel en waterverf.
  • Kleure moet ooreenkomstig die kenmerke van ’n planeet gekies word.

Assessering van BOUPROJEK:

Het jy a) beplan hoe jy inligting sou bekomb) informasie ingesamel c) informasie en bevindinge gekommunikeer?

[LU 1.1; LU 1.2; LU 1.3; LU 3.1]

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek

Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke uitvoer en data versamel;

1.3 data evalueer en bevindinge kommunikeer.

LU 2

Konstruksie van Wetenskapkennis

Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewings- kennis toe.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

2.1 betekenisvolle inligting kan oproep;

2.2 inligting kan kategoriseer;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

LU 3

Wetenskap, die Gemeenskap en die Omgewing

Die leerder is in staat om begrip van die onderlinge verband tussen wetenskap en tegnologie, die samelewing en die omgewing te toon.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

3.1 wetenskap as ’n menslike aktiwiteit verstaan;

3.2 die volhoubare gebruik van die aarde se hulpbronne verstaan.

Memorandum

AKTIWITEIT: INTERPRETASIE

1. 9

2. Mercurius

3. Neptunus

4. ellipties

5. Venus

6. Mars

AKTIWITEIT: VRAE – Watter planeet….

1. Jupiter

2. Saturnus

3. Neptunus

4. Jupiter

5. Saturnus

6. Neptunus

7. Jupiter

8. Mercurius

9. Saturnus se Titan

10. Ganymede van Jupiter is die grootste in ons sterrestelsel en is groter as Mercurius

AKTIWITEIT: AFSTANDVERWERKING (translasietaak)

1. A = Mars ( 1,6 x 150 milj)B= JupiterC = UranusD= Pluto

2. Jupiter, Saturnus, Uranus, Neptunus, Aarde, Venus, Mars, Mercurius, en Pluto

3. Jupiter

4. Neptunus

5. Elkeen volgens eie massa

6a) Pluto

6b) Jupiter

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11068/1.1
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