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Sosiale wetenskappe: aardrykskunde

Graad 7

Kaartwerk

Module 12

Rigting en kontoerlyne

1. Rigting

Daar is vier hoofrigtings, maar tussen dié vier hoofrigtings is daar sekondêre en tersiêre rigtings. Maak seker dat jy daarmee vertroud is en bestudeer die meegaande figuur.

Hoofrigtings

Sekondêre rigtings

Tersiêre rigtings

2 . Kontoerlyne

Wat is ‘n kontoerlyn?

  • Dit is lyne wat plekke, wat op dieselfde hoogte bo seevlak geleë is, met mekaar verbind. Deur na die patrone van kontoerlyne te kyk, kan jy baie inligting oor ‘n gebied se eienskappe bekom.

Kenmerke van kontoerlyne

  • Elke kontoerlyn sluit by homself aan en vorm dus ‘n geslote lyn.
  • Kontoere kruis of sny mekaar nooit nie of verdeel ook nie in twee nie.
  • Die enigste geval waar kontoere mekaar raak, is wanneer hulle ‘n loodregte vorm soos ‘n krans of ‘n waterval voorstel.
  • Die verskil in hoogte (of toename tussen twee opeenvolgende hoogtelyne) is konstant. Hierdie verskil in meter staan bekend as die vertikale tussenruimte.
  • Die kontoer se hoogte in meter word by ‘n onderbreking in die lyn (of net bokant die lyn) geskryf.
  • Elke vyfde kontoerlyn is duideliker (of dikker) geteken. Waar die vertikale tussenruimte 20 meter is, word die duideliker lyne as 300 meter en 400 meter aangedui; die ander tussen-in word ligter aangedui.
  • Wanneer daar ‘n baie steil helling is, is die kontoere baie naby aan mekaar geteken. As dit ‘n helling is wat geleidelik styg, is die kontoere deurgaans ver uitmekaar.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om die simbole op ‘n topografiese kaart te verstaan

[lu 1.4]

  • Bestudeer hierdie gedeelte van Ceres se 1:50 000 kaart.
Aktiwiteit 1.6 Om die simbole op ‘n topografiese kaart te verstaan
LU 1.4

1. Beantwoord nou die volgende vrae:

a) Hoeveel stasies en sylyne word aangedui?

b) Word hierdie dorp deur ‘n enkel- of dubbelspoor bedien?

c) Noem die naam van die rivier wat deur die dorp loop.

d) Noem die naam van die rivier wat in die Ceresdam vloei.

e) Hoeveel afsonderlike woongebiede word aangetoon?

f) Hoe hoog is die hoogste piek in die Witsenberg?

g) Bepaal die afstand tussen die polisiestasie en die sylyn (stasietjie) Skoonvlei.

h) Verduidelik hoekom die kontoere in die omgewing van die Aartappelrivier (noord van die dorp) ver van mekaar is, terwyl dit suidwes van Ceres weer baie naby aan mekaar geleë is.

Hierdie topografiese kaarte word nie in atlasse gevind nie. Jy kan dit bestel vanaf die Staatsdrukker in Pretoria, waar dit deur kartograwe geteken word vanaf vertikale lugfoto’s en ortofotokaarte.

Assessering

Leeruitkomstes(LUs)
LU 1
AARDRYKSKUNDIGE ONDERSOEKDie leerder is in staat om ondersoekvaardighede te gebruik om aardrykskundige en omgewingsbegrippe en -prosesse te ondersoek.
Assesseringstandaarde(ASe)
Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder:
1.1 ‘n verskeidenheid aardrykskundige en omgewingsbronne relevant vir ‘n ondersoek identifiseer [vind bronne];
1.2 inligting relevant vir die ondersoek uit eenvoudige grafieke, kaarte en statistiese bronne organiseer en interpreteer [werk met bronne];
1.3 afstande op aardbolle, atlasse en kaarte meet deur lynskale te gebruik [werk met bronne];
1.4 plaaslike kaarte en/of ortofotokaarte gebruik om ligging te bepaal en die vraagstuk en die konteks daarvan te ondersoek (vergelyk met veldwaarnemings) [werk met bronne];

Memorandum

Aktiwiteit 1:

1.

a) 4

b) Enkelspoor

c) Dwarsrivier

d) Koekedourivier

e) Hoofdorp, tweede direk oos van hoofdorp, derde noordoos van hoofdorp Nduli.

f) Slab Peak 1 392 m

g) 6,2 cm × 50 000 = 310 000 cm ÷ 10 000 = 3,1 km

h) Aartappelrivieromgewing is geleë in die breë plat riviervallei, waar kontoere ver van mekaar geleë is om ‘n plat helling voor te stel. Die suidweste is ‘n hoër, bergagtige area wat steil berghellings het. Die kontoere is dus naby aan mekaar geleë.

Questions & Answers

What are the factors that affect demand for a commodity
Florence Reply
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Lambiv Reply
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Lambiv
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Lambiv
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Venny Reply
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Eliyee
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Eliyee
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WARKISA
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Lambiv
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Aster Reply
appreciation
Eliyee
explain perfect market
Lindiwe Reply
In economics, a perfect market refers to a theoretical construct where all participants have perfect information, goods are homogenous, there are no barriers to entry or exit, and prices are determined solely by supply and demand. It's an idealized model used for analysis,
Ezea
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Shukri Reply
other things being equal
AI-Robot
When MP₁ becomes negative, TP start to decline. Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 • Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of lab
Kelo
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 • Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of labour (APL) and marginal product of labour (MPL)
Kelo
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Shukri
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Shukri
what is monopoly mean?
Habtamu Reply
What is different between quantity demand and demand?
Shukri Reply
Quantity demanded refers to the specific amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a give price and within a specific time period. Demand, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses the entire relationship between price and quantity demanded
Ezea
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Shukri
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Fiker Reply
Economic growth as an increase in the production and consumption of goods and services within an economy.but Economic development as a broader concept that encompasses not only economic growth but also social & human well being.
Shukri
production function means
Jabir
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Abdisa Reply
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Awais Reply
sir...I just want to ask one question... Define the term contract curve? if you are free please help me to find this answer 🙏
Asui
it is a curve that we get after connecting the pareto optimal combinations of two consumers after their mutually beneficial trade offs
Awais
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Asui
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities, where neither p
Cornelius
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities,
Cornelius
Suppose a consumer consuming two commodities X and Y has The following utility function u=X0.4 Y0.6. If the price of the X and Y are 2 and 3 respectively and income Constraint is birr 50. A,Calculate quantities of x and y which maximize utility. B,Calculate value of Lagrange multiplier. C,Calculate quantities of X and Y consumed with a given price. D,alculate optimum level of output .
Feyisa Reply
Answer
Feyisa
c
Jabir
the market for lemon has 10 potential consumers, each having an individual demand curve p=101-10Qi, where p is price in dollar's per cup and Qi is the number of cups demanded per week by the i th consumer.Find the market demand curve using algebra. Draw an individual demand curve and the market dema
Gsbwnw Reply
suppose the production function is given by ( L, K)=L¼K¾.assuming capital is fixed find APL and MPL. consider the following short run production function:Q=6L²-0.4L³ a) find the value of L that maximizes output b)find the value of L that maximizes marginal product
Abdureman
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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 09, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11020/1.1
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