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Die hars wat sommige bome afgee, is ook belangrik vir sekere diere.

Wanneer blare of vrugte van die bome afval en op die grond om die bome lê, kan ’n ander reeks organismes intree. Die ontbinders soos mikro-organismes wat die dooie materiaal laat verrot en ontbind, dra by tot die afbreek van die voedingstowwe sodat hulle teruggeplaas word in die grond. So word humus gevorm. Humus is dooie organiese materiaal. Ander diertjies wat ook van verrotte organiese materiaal lewe, nl. die detrivore , bevorder ook hierdie ontbindingsproses.

  • Plakkaat om die Rolspelers in ’n Boom-ekosisteem te illustreer
  • Bring prente van diere, bome en ander plante na die klas. Die onderwyser sal julle in groepe verdeel.
  • Elke groep berei ’n plakkaat voor om die onderlinge afhanklikheid van die bome, ander plante en diere te illustreer. Elke groep dra uiteindelik sy plakkaat aan die res van die klas voor.
  • Beantwoord die volgende vrae na aanleiding van die klasbespreking:

VRAE

1. Gestel die boom in jou plakkaat val om.

1.1 Watter organismes sal doodgaan?

1.2 Watter organismes sal wegtrek?

1.3 Watter organismes sal in getalle toeneem?

2. Beskryf die rol wat bome in ’n ekosisteem speel.

3. Waarom is dit ekologies gesien sleg om blare rondom bome weg te hark?

4. Noem nog drie voorbeelde waar die mens ekosisteme benadeel.

Assessering van PLAKKAAT en interpretasie van vrae daarom:

Kon jy die gesamentlike inligting gebruik om die vrae te beantwoord?

[LU 1.2; 1.3; 2.4]

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om rotspoel-ekosisteme te bespreek

[lu 2.1; 2.2; 2.3]

Hierdie ekosisteme is uiters sensitief. Die belangrikste faktor wat hier ’n rol speel, is GETYE.

Getye wissel twee keer elke 24 uur. Deur branderaksies word vars, koue suurstofryke seewater oor die rotspoelgemeenskappe gespoel. Tydens laaggetye is daar weer verhitting van die water in die rotspoele en verdamping vind plaas. Hierdie veranderinge dra daartoe by dat die organismes wat in rotspoele bly, aangepas moet wees om verskeie aanslae van die natuur die hoof te kan bied.

1. Beskryf wat jy verstaan onder “’n rotspoel”.

2. Maak ‘n lys van al die abiotiese faktore wat ’n inpak op rotspoele het:

Plante in rotspoele

Die algemeenste plante is seewier of see-alge. Hulle is rooi, groen of bruin.

Alhoewel hulle nie altyd groen is nie, kan hulle voedingstowwe deur fotosintese vervaardig. Dus is hulle ook produseerders.

Hulle is ook voedsel vir ’n wye reeks ander organismes wat op hulle teer, soos platmossels en sommige slakke.

Diere in rotspoele

Doen naleeswerk en beskryf wat elkeen van die volgende is:

(a) filtreervoeders:

(b) aasvreters:

2. Wat sou die doel van tentakels by see-anemone wees?

3. Watter onderlinge afhanklikheid bestaan tussen die organismes in ’n rotspoel?

Assessering van interpretasie van SKETSE

Kon jy basiese rotspoelkomponente onderskei?

[LU 2.1; 2.2; 2.3]

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek

Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke kan beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke kan uitvoer en data kan insamel;

1.3 data kan evalueer en bevindinge kan kommunikeer.

LU 2

Wetenskaplike Kennis

Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

2.1 sinvolle inligting kan onthou;

2.2 inligting in kategorieë kan plaas;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

Memorandum

Module 2

Aktiwiteit

VOORDELE VAN BRAND NADELE VAN BRAND
  • Sade se harde saadhuide bars oop
  • Lugbesoedeling – rook
  • Spesies word herontdek soos vleiroos
  • Diere en mense beseer of gedood
  • Aggressiewe groeiers ingeperk
  • Maak grondorganismes dood – humus verminder
  • Vars plante voedsaam (groen gras na ’n strawwe winter)
  • Verswak grasse indien teen verkeerde tyd gebrand

Aktiwiteit

Vrae

1. Gestel die boom in jou plakkaat val om

a. Plante wat in die skaduwee gegroei het en nie bestand is teen direkte sonlig nie

b. Sommige diertjies soos voëls en eekhorinkies

c. Ontbinders soos bakterieë en fungi

2. Aanvaar leerders se antwoorde, maar sorg dat die volgende genoem word: habitat, skuiling, voedselbron, skadu

3. Verrotting en humusvorming word belemmer: grondstowwe keer nie terug na grond nie en die grond verarm

4. Oorbeweiding, inbring van uitheemse plante, besoedeling

Aktiwiteit

1. Aanvaar leerders se beskrywings. Die volgende moet figureer: soutwater, vlak water, hoogety en laaggety, abiotiese toestande wissel drasties.

2. Branderaksie, wind, uitdroging, sonverhitting, besoedeling deur mens

DIERE IN ROTSPOELE

Vrae

1. Naleeswerk

(a) Filtreervoeders: mossels: water word deur fyn strukture gespoel en fyn kosdeeltjies word uit die water gefiltreer

(b) Aasvreter: eet dooie diere bv krappe

2. Tentakels: gryp kosstukkies uit alle rigtings omdat daar geen oë of reuksintuie is nie, en druk dit in die mond in

3. Voedselverwantskappe soos in vorige vrae aangeroer

4. Skuiling: plante bied skuiling teen predatore

Questions & Answers

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sammie Reply
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How can I develope my cognitive domain
Amanyire Reply
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Dakolo Reply
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
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Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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