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Oppervlakareas

  1. Bereken die oppervlakarea van elk van die volgende:
  2. As ʼn liter verf nodig is vir ʼn area van 2 m 2 , bereken hoeveel verf die verwer nodig het om die volgende areas te verf:
    1. ʼn Reghoekige swembad met binnewande en bodem met die volgende afmetings: 4 m × 3 m × 2 , 5 m
    2. ʼn Sirkelvormige opgaardam waarvan die bodem ʼn middellyn het van 4 m en met ʼn diepte van 2 , 5 m

Volume

Die volume van ʼn reghoekige prisma word bereken deur die area van die basis met die hoogte te vermenigvuldig. Vir ʼn vierkantigeprisma met ʼn sylengte van a en ʼn hoogte van h is die volume a × a × h = a 2 h .

Volume van ʼn Prisma

Bereken die volume van ʼn prisma deur eers die area van die basis te bereken en dan te vermenigvuldig met die hoogte van die prisma.

Vind die oppervlakarea en volume van ʼn vierkantige prisma met hoogte 4 cm and basislengte 3 cm .

  1. Ons gebruik die formule vir die oppervlakarea van ʼn prisma:
    S.A. = 2 2 L × b + b × h = 2 2 3 × 4 + 3 × 4 = 72 cm 2
  2. Om die volume van die prisma te bereken, vermenigvuldig ons die area van die basis met die hoogte:
    V = l 2 × h = 3 2 × 4 = 36 cm 3

Volume

  1. Skryf die formule vir die berekening van elk van die volgende prismas se volumes neer:
  2. Bereken die volgende volumes:
  3. ʼn Kubus is ʼn spesiale prisma waarvan al die sye gelyk is. Dit beteken dat elke syvlak ʼn vierkant is. ʼnDobbelsteen is ʼn voorbeeld van ʼn kubus. Bewys dat ʼn kubus met ʼn sylengte van a , ʼn oppervlakte het van 6 a 2 en ʼn volume van a 3 .

Hoe verander die oppervlakarea as een van die afmetings vermenigvuldig word met ʼn konstante. Byvoorbeeld, hoe verander die oppervlakarea van ʼn reghoekige prisma as die hoogte deur 2 gedeel word?

Reghoekige prismas

Reghoekige prismas 2

Die grootte van die prisma word beskryf deur die lengte van sy sye. Die prisma in die diagram het sye met lengtes L , b en h .

  1. Vergroot al die sye van die prisma met ʼn konstante faktor van x , waar x > 1 . Bereken die volume en die oppervlakarea van die vergrote prisma as ʼn funksie van die faktor x en die oorspronklike volume.
  2. Soortgelyk aan die geval hierbo, dink nou aan ʼn geval waar 0 < x < 1 . Bereken vervolgens die verkleiningsfaktor in die volume en die oppervlakarea.
  1. Die volume van die prisma word beskryf deur: V = L × b × h

    Die oppervlakarea van die prisma word beskryf deur: A = 2 × ( L × b + L × h + b × h )

  2. As al die sye van die prisma eweredig (dus, in dieselfde verhouding) verander sal die nuwe sye as volg beskryf kan word:

    L ' = x × L b ' = x × b h ' = x × h

    Die nuwe volume word beskryf deur:

    V ' = L ' × b ' × h ' = x × L × x × b × x × h = x 3 × L × b × h = x 3 × V

    Die nuwe oppervlakarea van die prisma word beskryf deur:

    A ' = 2 × ( L ' × b ' + L ' × h ' + b ' × h ' ) = 2 × ( x × L × x × b + x × L × x × h + x × b × x × h ) = x 2 × 2 × ( L × b + L × h + b × h ) = x 2 × A
    1. Ons vind hierbo dat die nuwe volume beskryf word deur: V ' = x 3 × V . Waar x > 1 , sal die volume van die prisma vermeerder met die faktor van x 3 . Die oppervlakarea van die veranderde prisma word beskryf deur: A ' = x 2 × A . Weereens, omdat x > 1 , sal die oppervlakarea vergroot met ʼn faktor van x 2 . Oppervlakareas wat tweedimensioneel is, vermeerder met die kwadraat van die faktor maar driedimensionele volumes vermeerder met die derde mag van die faktor.
    2. Die antwoord hier is gebaseer op dieselfde idee as wat hierbo beskryf word. Waar 0 < x < 1 sal die volume verminder met ʼn faktor van x 3 en die oppervlakarea sal met verminder met ʼn faktor van x 2

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Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 10) [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Aug 04, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11328/1.4
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