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Tegnologie

Graad 7

Stelsels en beheer: vervoer

Module 3

Ontwerp en realiseer ‘n vuurpyl

Agtergrond

‘n Vuurpyl maak staat op spuitaandrywing om te kan vlieg. Wanneer ‘n vuurpyl sy brandstof gebruik, word ‘n stroom warm lug by die stert uitgespuit wat die vuurpyl vorentoe laat beweeg. Vliegtuie wat laer as 25 km vlieg, gebruik die suurstof uit die atmosfeer om hul brandstof te laat ontbrand.

Vuurpyle moet suurstof saam vervoer, want bokant 25 km van die aarde se oppervlak is daar nie genoeg suurstof nie.

M aak ‘n vuurpyl

Agtergrond

Ons gaan nou ‘n vuurpyl maak wat spuitaandrywing gebruik om vorentoe te beweeg. Die spoed waarmee ‘n vuurpyl vorentoe beweeg, hang af van die hoeveelheid dryfgas wat dit agter uitlaat. Water is ‘n baie beter dryfmiddel as warm gas, want dit is baie swaarder. Ons gaan saamgeperste water en lug gebruik en waarnemings maak oor hoe hoog/ver jul vuurpyl kan vlieg.

Opdrag 1:

Om benodigdhede te versamel vir julle vuurpyl

LU/AS 1.10

Benodigdhede:

  • Dun karton.
  • ‘n Pen.
  • ’n Liniaal.
  • Gekleurde karton.
  • ‘n Skêr.
  • Twee leë 2 ℓ plastiekbottels
  • Sterk breë kleeflint of maskeerband.
  • ‘n Tregter.
  • ’n Beker water.
  • ’n Kurkprop.
  • ‘n Lugklep (van ‘n fietspomp).
  • Plastiekpyp.
  • ‘n Fietspomp.
  • ’n Banksakkie.
  • ’n Gradeboog.
  • Gom.
  • ‘n Handwerkmes.
  • ‘n Stilet of breinaald.
  • ‘n Passer.
  • Oliebasis verf.

Agtergrond

‘n Vliegtuig of vuurpyl werk volgens Newton se derde Wet van Beweging, nl. as die een bron ‘n krag uitoefen op ‘n ander, dan oefen die ander bron dieselfde hoeveelheid krag uit op die eerste bron, maar in die teenoorgestelde rigting as die eerste bron, d.w.s. op elke aksie is daar ‘n teenoorgestelde reaksie.

As die krag wat jy op ‘n voorwerp uitoefen groter is as die weerstand wat die voorwerp uitoefen, kan die krag wat jy uitgeoefen het, beweging veroorsaak. Die beweging in die vuurpyl word bewerkstellig deurdat die vuurpyl opwaarts gestoot word deur die ontsnappende gasse wat vervaardig is as gevolg van die chemiese reaksie tussen die brandstof en suurstof wat verbrand in die verbrandingskamers. Die groot volume gasse ontsnap deur die vuurpyl se staaluitlaatpyp teen ‘n hoë snelheid.

Daar is vyf soorte kragte wat op ‘n vuurpyl inwerk, nl.:

Stootkrag : die krag wat die enjin verskaf wat by die agterkant uitkom en die vuurpyl vorentoe stoot

Aantrekkingskrag : die krag wat die vuurpyl terug aarde toe druk.

Weerstand : die lug bied weerstand teen die vuurpyl, wat veroorsaak dat die vuurpyl se spoed afneem. (Buite die atmosfeer is daar geen weerstand nie, want daar is geen lug nie).

Stygkrag : ‘n Vuurpyl kan nie doeltreffend gelanseer word en vertikaal opstyg nie, tensy die stootkrag van sy motore groter is as die vuurpyl se gewig.

Relatiewe wind : Die lug vloei vinnig om die neus en langs die romp af.

Langer neusstukke word gebruik om beter lugvloei te verkry.

Opdrag 2:

Om navorsing te doen oor hoe die vinne van ‘n vuurpyl lyk

LU/AS 1.7

Agtergrond

‘n Vuurpyl het vinne nodig om reguit te kan vlieg. Doen navorsing oor hoe die vinne van ‘n vuurpyl lyk en teken ‘n paar voorbeelde in die spasie. Besluit ook hoeveel vinne julle wil gebruik en hoe groot die vinne in verhouding met die lyfgedeelte van die vuurpyl moet wees. Besluit ook watter tipe materiaal die geskikste is om die vinne van te maak. Dit is belangrik om vir die vuurpyl stertvinne aan te sit sodat dit regop kan staan vir die lansering (Sien bylae1 op bladsy 9). Die posisie van die vinne aan die romp is ook uiters belangrik.

Questions & Answers

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Dakolo Reply
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
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Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
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Jonathan
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Saurabh
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Source:  OpenStax, Tegnologie graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 10, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11031/1.1
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