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Sosiale wetenskappe: aardrykskunde

Graad 7

Kaartwerk

Module 10

Die lees, ontleding en vertolking van topografiese kaarte

  • Die vermoë om kaarte te gebruik en te vertolk is ‘n belangrike onderdeel van ‘n mens se aardrykskundige vaardighede. As jy ‘n kaart gebruik, moet jy onthou dat: – die werklikheid op skaal verklein is; – die verskynsels en patrone gesien word asof ‘n mens van bo-af neerkyk op die landskap; – simbole gebruik word om kenmerke en verskynsels voor te stel.
  • Verskillende soorte kaarte word vir verskillende funksies geteken.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om ‘n verskeidenheid kaarte as aardrykskundige en omgewingsbronne te identifiseer

[lu 1.1]

  • Kyk hoeveel verskillende soorte kaarte jy in jou atlas kan identifiseer. Skryf van die name onder mekaar neer en dui elkeen se belangrikste funksie aan.

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om kaarte wat ‘n verskeidenheid inligting bevat te interpreteer

[lu 1.2]

  • Verdeel in groepe. Gaan soek gedurende die volgende week kaarte wat vir ‘n verskeidenheid doeleindes in jou omgewing gebruik word. Reisagentskappe, eiendomsagente, koerante, tydskrifte, motorhawens, bouers, ens. kan genader word. Stel uit elke groep ‘n eie kaartversameling saam. Maak ‘n tabel soos hierbo en noem elke kaart se funksie.
Gevind by Funksie
Reisagentskappe
Eiendomsagente
Koerante
Tydskrifte
Motorhawens
Bouers

In grade 4 tot 6 het jy alreeds kennis gemaak met baie belangrike feite oor kaartwerk. Die vier belangrikste kenmerke van TOPOGRAFIESE KAARTE is:

  • dis ‘n verkleinde weergawe van die werklikheid en moet op ‘n spesifieke skaal geteken word;
  • verskynsels word deur simbole op die kaart aangedui;
  • rigting moet op ‘n kaart bepaal kan word;
  • hoogte word deur kontoerlyne aangedui.

Kom ons kyk na elkeen van die aspekte:

1. Verskillende skale en afstandberekening

Jy weet reeds dat ‘n kaart ‘n verkleining is van die werklikheid soos van bo-af gesien. Om ‘n kaart so te kan verklein, moet jy van ‘n sekere skaal gebruik maak.

Die skaal van ‘n kaart MOET onderaan die kaart aangedui word. Daar is verskillende soorte skale wat gebruik kan word:

Lynskaal

Op ‘n lynskaal kan jy direk die afstand tussen twee plekke afmeet.

Verhoudingskaal

bv. 1:50 000

Dit beteken dat 1 sentimeter (of watter ander lengte-eenheid ook al) op die kaart gelyk is aan 50 000 sentimeter (dieselfde lengte-eenheid) in die werklikheid.

As twee plekke op die kaart 4 cm uitmekaar is, sal jy dus eers ‘n berekening moet doen om die werklike afstand te bepaal. Dit sal soos volg lyk : 4 × 50 000 = 200 000 cm

= 200 000 ÷ 100 000 = 2 km

Woordskaal

bv. 1 cm stel 20 km voor.

As die afstand tussen twee plekke op die kaart 3 cm is, sal jy ook eers ‘n berekening moet doen.Dit lyk soos volg : 3 × 20 = 60 km

Een of al die verskillende soorte skale kan op ‘n spesifieke kaart aangedui word.

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om vertroud te raak met die gebruik van lynskaal

[lu 1.3]

1. Meet jou klaskamer se lengte en breedte in meter en teken dan ‘n vloerplan daarvan. Gebruik ‘n skaal van 2 cm om 1 meter voor te stel.

Teken nog ‘n vloerplan van jou klaskamer, maar gebruik ‘n skaal van 1 cm om 1 meter voor te stel.

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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 09, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11020/1.1
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