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Toe Tyd Begin Het

  • Aan die begin, toe daar nog geen heelal was nie, was daar ook nie tyd nie. Die teorie is dat die begin van alles soos volg verloop het:
Tyd Gebeure
0 Sekondes
  • Heelal begin as klein warm balletjie
10 -35 sekondes
  • Ruimte swel uit teen ’n duisend biljoen biljoen biljoen keer per sekonde
10 -32 sekondes
  • Ruimte word oorstroom met energie en materie soos kwarks
10 -8 sekondes
  • Materie en antimaterie ontstaan
3 minute
  • Kwarks smelt saam en vorm waterstof en helium
1 miljoen jaar
  • Gaswolke vorm lang stringe
300 miljoen jaar
  • Stringe wolke vorm wat sterre en sterrestelsels vorm

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om jou kennis te toets

1. Waaruit het die heelal aan die begin bestaan?

2. Wat is die “Oerknal” of “Big Bang”?

3. Hoe het die eerste elemente ontstaan?

4. Wat is ’n kwark?

5. Hoe het die volgende elemente ontstaan?

a) Be

b) Fe

6. Noem die vier belangrikste kragte in die heelal?

7. Wat is antimaterie en wat gebeur as dit naby materie kom?

Assessering van begrip ten opsigte van die teorie oor die ontstaan van die heelal:

Verstaan jy die teorie?

[LU 2.3]

Om ‘n opdrag oor teleskope te skryf

Skryf ’n projek van vier bladsye oor die gebruik van teleskope en die basiese bou daarvan. Lewer in op ’n datum soos bepaal deur jou opvoeder.

  • Vind meer uit spesifiek oor die volgende:
  • Hubble-teleskoop
  • Mcmath-sonteleskoop in Arizona, VSA
  • Reuse radioteleskoop – die Arecibo – in Puerto Rico
  • Die SAAO in Sutherland, Suid-Afrika
  • Die SALT (Southern African Large Telescope) by Sutherland wat in 2004 voltooi is
  • Die radioteleskope by Hartbeeshoek, Gauteng
  • Die SKA
  • Sluit jou verslag af met ’n oorsig oor die waarde van die teleskope vir die wetenskap.[LU 1.1; LU 1.2; LU 1.3; LU 3.1]

Die Sterrestelsels – “Galaxies”

  • Ons son is slegs een van ’n massiewe versameling van ongeveer twee biljoen sterre wat in die vorm van ’n gebakte eier met ’n deursnit van 100 000 ligjare in die hemelruim lê! As jy saans opkyk na die hemelruim en ’n ligband van fyn sterretjies sien, kyk jy na die Melkweg . Dit is eintlik net ’n blik op die randjie van ons sterrestelsel! Die Griekse woord “galakta” beteken “melk”.
  • Die aarde lê sowat 300 000 ligjare weg van die middel van ons sterrestelsel.
  • ’n Ligjaar is een van die belangrikste EENHEDE in die ASTRONOMIE wat jy moet ken. Wetenskaplikes gebruik sulke eenhede omdat m en km onsinnig raak in die wye uitspansel met die groot afstande.

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om afstand in ligjare te bereken

  • ’n Ligjaar = die afstand wat lig in een aardse jaar aflê, indien dit beweeg teen ’n snelheid van 300 000 km/s -1

1. Bereken: ’n ligjaar

  • 365,25 dae x 24 uur x3 600 sekondes x 300 000 km/s -1 = ......................................
  • Dus: .................................................. kilometer
  • Miljoen, biljoene en triljoene?
GETAL 10 N NAAM VOORVOEGSEL
1 000 000 10 6 MILJOEN MEGA
1 000 000 000 10 9 BILJOEN GIGA
1 000 000 000 000 000 10 15 TRILJOEN PETA

2. Hoeveel sterre is in ons hemelruim?

3. Druk 10 biljoen biljoen uit as ’n getal (dit sou die voorvoegsel exa hê).

4. Nog ’n belangrike eenheid is die ASTRONOMIESE EENHEID (AU) wat die afstand van die son na die aarde voorstel, naamlik 150 miljoen kilometer .

Questions & Answers

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Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
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Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
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Saurabh
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Jharna
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11068/1.1
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