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Aardrykskunde

Graad 4

Die plek waar ons woon

(nedersettingskenmerke)

Module 9

Die ontstaan van nedersettings

Nedersettings

1.redes vir die ontstaan van ‘n nedersetting

Mense het van die vroegste tye af begin om in groepe saam te woon. Soms was dit om hulself teen die vyand te beskerm en dan het hulle gewoonlik die natuurlike landvorme soos berge, riviere en die see gebruik as fronte teen die vyand. Boonop is daar dan waterslote of mure rondom gemaak om die vyand buite te hou.

Dikwels wil mense weet waarom ’n dorp of stad op ‘n spesifieke plek gebou of aangelê is. Kom ons kyk waarom Kaapstad juis dáár aangelê is.

Die veilige baai en vars water het ’n belangrike rol gespeel. Toe Jan van Riebeeck in 1652 naby die diep en veilige Tafelbaai ’n plek moes kies om die eerste fort te bou, het hy besluit dat dit so na as moontlik aan die riviertjie, wat hulle later die Varsrivier genoem het, moes wees.

Behalwe die beskikbaarheid van water (wat altyd belangrik is) en ’n baai (aan die kus), is daar nog redes wat genoem kan word wat kan bepaal waar stede en dorpe ontstaan.

Veiligheid speel ook ‘n rol. Veral in die vroeë tye was dit belangrik vir mense om op ’n plek te woon waar hulle hulself maklik teen die vyand kon verdedig. ‘n Goeie voorbeeld hiervan is Koning Mosjesj wat met sy volk, die Basoetoes, bo-op ‘n berg met ‘n plat kruin, Thaba Bosigo, gewoon het. Daar was hulle veilig teen vyande.

Nog plekke waar mense hulle in die verlede gevestig het, was waar paaie gekruis, ’n rivier oorgesteek of deur ’n bergkloof gegaan het.

Baie dorpe in Suid-Afrika het ook ontstaan waar sendingstasies of kerke opgerig is.

Party mense het hul eenvoudig op ‘n plek gaan vestig omdat dit vir hulle baie mooi was. Sulke gebiede het dan dikwels later tot vakansie-oorde ontwikkel (toeriste-aantreklikhede).

Dorpe het ook langs die see ontstaan omdat die mense die dorp per boot moes kon bereik (hawestede). In groot dele van Suid-Afrika is daar vroeg reeds waardevolle minerale soos diamante, goud en steenkool ontdek. Mense het daarheen beweeg, agter die werksgeleenthede en moontlike rykdom aan (myndorpe/-stede).

‘n Dorp soos Saldanha is baie bekend vir die groot hoeveelheid vis wat daar gevang, verwerk en verskeep word (nywerheidsdorpe/-stede).

’n Laaste rede wat lei tot die ontstaan van dorpe, is dat regerings besluit dat mense op ’n bepaalde plek moet gaan woon.

Aktiwiteit 1

Om die volgende dorpe onder die korrekte opskrif te klassifiseer [lu 1.7, 2.1]

Knysna ; Port Elizabeth ; Kimberley ; Kaapstad ; Sasolburg ; Warmbad ; Skukuza ; Heroldsbaai ; Hogsback ; Koffiefontein

Myndorp/-stad Hawedorp/-stad Nywerheidsdorp/-stad Toeriste-aantreklikheid

Aktiwiteit 2

Om uit te vind waarom julle stad, dorp of woonbuurt ontstaan het [lu 2.1]

(Vra julle onderwyser, julle ouers of die mense wat in die plaaslike museum werk om te help en skryf ’n paragraaf oor jul woonplek.)

Hieronder volg ‘n paar voorbeelde van vrae wat julle kan vra. dink self aan nog meer vrae en voeg dit by.

1. Hoe oud is ons dorp/stad?

2. Hoe het ons dorp/stad ontstaan?

Questions & Answers

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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 4. OpenStax CNX. Oct 21, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11083/1.2
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