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  • Variables and literals
  • Sequence, selection, and loop structures
  • Arithmetic, relational, and logical operators

These are very important concepts but notably absent is programmer-defined functions or methods.

However, what Scratch lacks in the support of fundamental programming concepts, it makes up for in high-level multimedia functionality. Ineffect, Scratch provides just enough in the way of fundamental programming capability to form a bridge to high-level multimedia functionality.

Music, music, music

Among other things, (particularly including the availability of a quasi social-networking community) , it is probably this multimedia functionality that has attracted the large following among middle school and high schoolstudents.

There are a few projects on the website containing original music developed by the scratcher. (I recall seeing one project where the scratcher was offering to compose original music to be used by other scratchers.) However, that is the exception and not the rule. Most of the music on thewebsite appears to be copyright music for which the scratcher probably doesn't own the copyright.

That having been said, Scratch provides the capability for scratchers to compose their own music if they choose to do so.

The toolbox buttons and toolbox pane

Image 8 shows a near normal size screen shot of the leftmost portion of Image 6 .

Image 8. the toolbox buttons and toolbox pane.

Missing image.
Image 8. The toolbox buttons and toolbox pane.

The small frame at the top of Image 8 show the eight toolbox buttons that you click to expose a corresponding toolbox of blocks in the lower frame. (The Variables toolbox was selected before capturing the screenshot shown in Image 8 .)

High-level multimedia functionality

With regard to high-level multimedia functionality, Scratch makes it possible and relatively easy for scratchers to do the things they like to do such as:

  • Create animation using blocks from the Motion toolbox.
  • Deal with costumes, colors, graphics effects and sprite size using blocks from the Looks toolbox.
  • Play imported music and sound effects and create original music and sound effects using blocks from the Sound toolbox.
  • Create program-controlled line drawings using blocks from the Pen toolbox.

These capabilities, which are often difficult to access using "typical CS-approved" programming languages, provide a great deal of sensory feedback and they are a lot of fun to program. This is a largepart of what causes Scratch to engage aspiring programmers.

Program control

This high-level multimedia functionality is controlled by:

  • Programming event firing and detection, loop structures, and selection structures using blocks from the Control toolbox.
  • Obtaining a variety of different types of information to be used in decision structures using blocks from the Sensing toolbox.
  • Performing arithmetic, relational, and logical operations and accessing a variety of math functions using blocks from the Operators toolbox.
  • Creating and servicing variables using blocks from the Variables toolbox.

As a practical matter, the four buttons on the left in Image 8 are the fun buttons and the four buttons on the right are the control buttons.

Summary

In this module, I have provided a high-level overview of the Scratch programming environment. Future modules will provide more detailed information about the programmingenvironment.

Resources

Miscellaneous

This section contains a variety of miscellaneous information.

Housekeeping material
  • Module name: Scr0100: Overview
  • File: Scr0100.htm
  • Published: 03/15/13
  • Revised: 03/24/13
Disclaimers:

Financial : Although the Connexions site makes it possible for you to download a PDF file for thismodule at no charge, and also makes it possible for you to purchase a pre-printed version of the PDF file, you should beaware that some of the HTML elements in this module may not translate well into PDF.

I also want you to know that, I receive no financial compensation from the Connexions website even if you purchase the PDF version of the module.

In the past, unknown individuals have copied my modules from cnx.org, converted them to Kindle books, and placed them for sale on Amazon.com showing me as the author. Ineither receive compensation for those sales nor do I know who does receive compensation. If you purchase such a book, please beaware that it is a copy of a module that is freely available on cnx.org and that it was made and published withoutmy prior knowledge.

Affiliation : I am a professor of Computer Information Technology at Austin Community College in Austin, TX.

-end-

Questions & Answers

What are the factors that affect demand for a commodity
Florence Reply
differentiate between demand and supply giving examples
Lambiv Reply
differentiated between demand and supply using examples
Lambiv
what is labour ?
Lambiv
how will I do?
Venny Reply
how is the graph works?I don't fully understand
Rezat Reply
information
Eliyee
devaluation
Eliyee
t
WARKISA
hi guys good evening to all
Lambiv
multiple choice question
Aster Reply
appreciation
Eliyee
explain perfect market
Lindiwe Reply
In economics, a perfect market refers to a theoretical construct where all participants have perfect information, goods are homogenous, there are no barriers to entry or exit, and prices are determined solely by supply and demand. It's an idealized model used for analysis,
Ezea
What is ceteris paribus?
Shukri Reply
other things being equal
AI-Robot
When MP₁ becomes negative, TP start to decline. Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 • Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of lab
Kelo
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 • Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of labour (APL) and marginal product of labour (MPL)
Kelo
yes,thank you
Shukri
Can I ask you other question?
Shukri
what is monopoly mean?
Habtamu Reply
What is different between quantity demand and demand?
Shukri Reply
Quantity demanded refers to the specific amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a give price and within a specific time period. Demand, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses the entire relationship between price and quantity demanded
Ezea
ok
Shukri
how do you save a country economic situation when it's falling apart
Lilia Reply
what is the difference between economic growth and development
Fiker Reply
Economic growth as an increase in the production and consumption of goods and services within an economy.but Economic development as a broader concept that encompasses not only economic growth but also social & human well being.
Shukri
production function means
Jabir
What do you think is more important to focus on when considering inequality ?
Abdisa Reply
any question about economics?
Awais Reply
sir...I just want to ask one question... Define the term contract curve? if you are free please help me to find this answer 🙏
Asui
it is a curve that we get after connecting the pareto optimal combinations of two consumers after their mutually beneficial trade offs
Awais
thank you so much 👍 sir
Asui
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities, where neither p
Cornelius
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities,
Cornelius
Suppose a consumer consuming two commodities X and Y has The following utility function u=X0.4 Y0.6. If the price of the X and Y are 2 and 3 respectively and income Constraint is birr 50. A,Calculate quantities of x and y which maximize utility. B,Calculate value of Lagrange multiplier. C,Calculate quantities of X and Y consumed with a given price. D,alculate optimum level of output .
Feyisa Reply
Answer
Feyisa
c
Jabir
the market for lemon has 10 potential consumers, each having an individual demand curve p=101-10Qi, where p is price in dollar's per cup and Qi is the number of cups demanded per week by the i th consumer.Find the market demand curve using algebra. Draw an individual demand curve and the market dema
Gsbwnw Reply
suppose the production function is given by ( L, K)=L¼K¾.assuming capital is fixed find APL and MPL. consider the following short run production function:Q=6L²-0.4L³ a) find the value of L that maximizes output b)find the value of L that maximizes marginal product
Abdureman
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Source:  OpenStax, Teaching beginners to code. OpenStax CNX. May 27, 2013 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11498/1.20
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