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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 8

Biodiversiteit: aanpassings en oorlewing

Module 25

Lewe op aarde

Alle plante en diere word in groepe verdeel op grond van hulle eienskappe. Kan jy onthou wat ons hierdie proses van indeling genoem het?

Klassifikasie

Toets jou geheue:

  • Diere word in TWEE hoofgroepe verdeel op grond van die aan- of afwesigheid van ’n
  • Diere sonder ’n inwendige skelet noem ons
  • Diere met ’n inwendige skelet noem ons
  • Vertebrata word op hulle beurt weer verdeel as

Aktiwiteit: om inligting te klassifiseer

Knip die sketsblad se sketse uit en plak dit by die regte groep in die tabel. Skryf ook drie uitwendige kenmerke vir elke groep neer (onthou hulle is nie altyd sigbaar op

die sketse nie).

Gewone Karp

Cyprinus carpio

Visarend Haliaeëtus vocifer

Renoster

Diceros bicornis

Likkewaan Varanus niloticus

Gewone Padda Rana temporia

KLASSE SKETSE DRIE UITWENDIGE KENMERKE
Visse ...................................................
Amfibieë ...................................................
Reptiele ..................................................
Voëls ...................................................
Soogdiere ...................................................

Assessering van klassifisering:

Kon jy die sketse korrek pas en die korrekte kenmerke neerskryf?

[LU 2.2]

Die klassifisering van lewende organismes geskied in terme van ’n internasionale sisteem wat deur wetenskaplikes ontwerp is sodat mense van alle taalgroepe en van regoor die wêreld presies kan weet van watter organisme gepraat word wanneer inligting aangebied of ontvang word.

Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) – ’n Sweedse dokter, botanis en soöloog, het die grootste impak op ons huidige klassifikasiesisteem gehad.

  • Die name van organismes is meesal van Latynse oorsprong (daarom klink dit "Grieks").
  • Elke organisme het ’n "NAAM" en ’n "VAN".
  • Sy naam is sy spesie – dui op ooreenstemmende bou, funksies en voortplantingspotensiaal (die chromosoomgetal is dieselfde).
  • Sy van is sy Genus – dui ’n groep verwante spesies aan.
  • Daar is ’n skryfreël hieromtrent en dit is INTERNASIONAAL geldend.
  • Ons skryf eers die Genusnaam en spel dit met ’n hoofletter gevolg deur kleinletters.
  • Dan volg ’n spasie en dan die spesienaam alles is kleinletters.
  • Indien dit in ’n getikte weergawe verskyn, word dit kursief getik. In handgeskrewe formaat word die twee woorde apart onderstreep.
  • Die erdwurm se wetenskaplike naam is byvoorbeeld Lumbricus terrestris.
  • Ons verwys na die sisteem as ’n BINOMINALE sisteem (twee name).

Aktiwiteit: om eenvoudige klassifikasie toe te pas

1. Wat is ’n bioloog?

2. Wat is ’n botanis?

3. Skryf die erdwurm se wetenskaplike naam volgens die internasionale reël neer.

4. Waarom is klassifikasie so belangrik?

5. Wat beteken die terre in die erdwurm se wetenskaplike naam?.

6. Voltooi die volgende tabel deur gebruik te maak van die inligting wat in die sketsblad voorsien is en verskaf in die een kolom die wetenskaplike naam en in die ander kolom die algemene naam.

Klasse Wetenskaplike naam Gewone naam
VISSE
AMFIBIEË
REPTIELE
VOËLS
SOOGDIERE

7. Kyk na die volgende name van verskillende janfrederikke (voëls):

  • Lawaaimakerjanfrederik: Cossypha dichroa
  • Heuglinsejanfrederik: Cossypha heuglini
  • Nataljanfrederik: Cossypha natalensis
  • Gewone janfrederik: Cossypha caffra
  • Beskryf die betekenis van die Genus- en spesienaam in die binominale klassifikasiesisteem deur na die name te verwys.

Assessering van TOEPASSING:

Kon jy die vrae beantwoord?

[LU 2.4]

OPDRAG:

Doen navorsing oor Carl Linnaeus as wetenskaplike. Skryf ’n verslag van ongeveer 100 woorde.

[LU 1.2]

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek

Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke kan beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke kan uitvoer en data kan insamel;

1.3 data kan evalueer en bevindinge kan kommunikeer.

LU 2

Wetenskaplike Kennis

Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

2.1 sinvolle inligting kan onthou;

2.2 inligting in kategorieë kan plaas;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

Memorandum

Lewe op aarde

Aktiwiteit: toepassing van klassifikasie

  • Verduidelik klassifikasie en die binominale sisteem
  • Bronne or Carl Linnaeus
  • Berei voor – lees self op oor koolstofdatering en kry bronne oor evolusie
  • Ook massauitsterwings
  • Soek toepaslike videomateriaal

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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