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Wiskunde

Graad 8

Getallestelsel (natuurlike- en telgetalle)

Module 2

Priemfaktore, vierkantswortels en derdemagswortels

KLASOPDRAG 1

1. Priemfaktore

  • Hoe skryf jy ‘n getal as die produk van sy priemfaktore?
  • En in eksponensiële notasie?

Bv. Vraag: Skryf 24 as die produk van sy priemfaktore(onthou jy mag net priemgetalle as delers gebruik).

2 24
2 12
2 6
3 3
1

Priemfaktore van 24 = {2; 3}

24 as produk van sy priemfaktore: 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

24 = 2 3 x 3 (eksponensiële notasie)

1.1 Druk nou elk van die volgende as die produk van hul priemfaktore (in eksponensiële notasie) uit en skryf ook die priemfaktore van elk neer.

48 60 450

48 = .............................60 = ..............................450 = ...................

P 48 = { ........................} P 60 = { .........................} P 450 = {.........................}

2. Vierkantswortels en derdemagswortels

  • Hoe bepaal jy die vierkantswortel ( size 12{ sqrt {} } {} ) of derdemagswortel ( 3 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {} } {} ) van ‘n getal met behulp van priemfaktore?
  • Bepaal: 324 size 12{ sqrt {"324"} } {}
  • Stap 1: Ontbind in priemfaktoreStap 2: Skryf as produk van priemfaktore (in eksponensiële notasie)
  • Stap 3: 324 size 12{ sqrt {"324"} } {} beteken (324) ½ (kry helfte van elke eksponent)
2 324
2 162
3 81
3 27
3 9
3 3
1

Dus: 324 size 12{ sqrt {"324"} } {} = (2 2 x 3 4 ) ½ = 2 1 x 3 2 = 2 x 9 = 18

(324 is volkome vierkant, want 18 x 18 = 324)

  • Onthou: size 12{ sqrt {```} } {} beteken (......) ½ en 3 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {```} } {} beteken (......) 1/3

8x 12 3 = 2x 12 ÷ 3 = 4 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {8x rSup { size 8{"12"} } } `=`2x rSup { size 8{"12" div 3=4} } } {} dus 2x 4 size 12{2x rSup { size 8{4} } } {}

2.1 Bereken met behulp van priemfaktore:

(i) 1024 size 12{ sqrt {"1024"} } {}

1024

(ii) 1000 3 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {"1000"} } {}

1000

2.2 Bereken:

a) (2 x 3)² =

b) 3 x 8² =

c) 1 3 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {1} } {} =

d) 1 size 12{ nroot {} {1} } {} =

e) 2 2 size 12{ left ( sqrt {2} right ) rSup { size 8{2} } } {} =

f) dan sal 17 2 size 12{ left ( sqrt {"17"} right ) rSup { size 8{2} } } {} =

g) (3 + 4) 3 + 14 =

h) 36 + 9 size 12{ sqrt {"36"} `+` sqrt {9} } {} =

i) 36 + 64 size 12{ sqrt {"36"`+`"64"} } {} =

j) 27 3 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {"27"} } {} + 1 3 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {1} } {} =

k) ( 27 3 ) 3 size 12{ \( nroot { size 8{3} } {"27"} \) rSup { size 8{3} } } {} =

l) 64 x 12 size 12{ sqrt {"64"x rSup { size 8{"12"} } } } {} =

HUISWERKOPDRAG

1. Bepaal met behulp van priemfaktore:

1.1 4 096 3 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {4`"096"} } {} en 1.2 1 296 4 size 12{ nroot { size 8{4} } {1`"296"} } {}

4 096 1 296

2. Bepaal sonder die gebruik van ‘n sakrekenaar.

2.1 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 2 3 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {3 "." 3 "." 3 "." 3 "." 3 rSup { size 8{2} } } } {} =

2.2 5 3 a 6 b 15 3 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {5 rSup { size 8{3} } `a rSup { size 8{6} } `b rSup { size 8{"15"} } } } {} =

2.3 8 ÷ 125 × 27 3 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {8` div `"125"` times `"27"} } {} =

2.4 64 3 + ( 64 3 ) 3 size 12{ nroot { size 8{3} } {"64"} `+` \( ` nroot { size 8{3} } {"64"} ` \) rSup { size 8{3} } } {} =

2.5 2 ( 8 3 ) 3 size 12{2` \( ` nroot { size 8{3} } {8} ` \) rSup { size 8{3} } } {} =

2.6 169 size 12{ sqrt {"169"} } {} =

2.7 ( 6 + 4 × 12 ) 2 size 12{ sqrt { \( 6`+`4` times `"12" \) rSup { size 8{2} } } } {} =

2.8 6 × 1 8 × 12 size 12{ sqrt {6` times 1`8` times `"12"} } {} =

2.9 2 ( 9 ) 2 size 12{2 \( sqrt {9} \) rSup { size 8{2} } } {} =

2.10 ( 6 + 3 ) 2 3 3 size 12{ sqrt { \( 6`+`3 \) rSup { size 8{2} } } ` - `3 rSup { size 8{3} } } {} =

KLASOPDRAG 2

1. Wat beteken die volgende in jou eie woorde (bespreek in groepe)?

  • KGV :

Gee ‘n voorbeeld ter verduideliking

  • GGD :

Gee ‘n voorbeeld ter verduideliking

2. Hoe gaan jy die KGV en GGD van die volgende getalle bepaal?

8; 12; 20

Stap 1: Skryf elke getal as die produk van sy priemfaktore.(Liefs nie in eksponensiële notasie nie)

8 = 2 x 2 x 2

12 = 2 x 2 x 3

20 = 2 x 2 x 5

Stap 2: Bepaal eers die GGD (dit is die getal(le) wat in al drie voorkom).(Wenk: As getal 2 in al drie voorkom, omkring die twee by al drie getalle, en skryf dit een keer neer ens.)

GGD = 2 x 2 = 4

Stap 3: Bepaal nou die KGV. Skryf eers die GGD neer, en soek dan die getal wat in twee van die getalle voorkom en skryf dit dan neer, en laastens dit wat oorbly).

KGV = 4 x 2 x 3 x 5 = 120

3. Doen nou net so en bepaal die GGD en KGV van die volgende:

38; 57; 95

Werk hier uit:

38 = ....................................................................

57 = ....................................................................

95 = ....................................................................

GGD = .................................. en KGV = ..................................

Assessering van myself: deur myself: Assessering deur opvoeder:
Ek kan… 1 2 3 4 Kritieke Uitkomste 1 2 3 4
priemfaktore van 'n getal bepaal; (Lu 1.2.6) Kritiese en skeppende denke
'n getal as die produk van sy priemfaktore ontbind; (Lu 1.2.6; 1.2.3) Deelname
priemfaktore in eksponensiële notasie uitdruk; (Lu 1.2.7) Organisering en bestuur
die vierkantswortel van 'n getal bepaal; (Lu 1.2.7) Prosessering van inligting
die derdemagswortel van 'n getal bepaal. (Lu 1.2.7) Kommunikasie
bepaal/definieer die kleinste gemene veelvoud ( KGV ); (Lu 1.2.6) Probleemoplossing
bepaal/definieer die grootste gemene deler ( GGD ). (Lu 1.2.6) Selfstandigheid

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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 11, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11033/1.1
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