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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 9

Lewensprosesse: ‘n gesonde lewe

Module 1

Voeding

  • Die mens is 'n heterotrofe organisme wat dus sy voedsel moet inneem deur plante of diere te eet om sodoende sy energie vir groei en herstel te kan bekom.
  • Voedsel moet ook verteer word om die energiewaarde en die voedingstowwe te ontsluit.
  • Energie word benodig vir alle aktiwiteite en lewensprosesse.
  • Die mens se dieet is dus al die kos wat hy inneem en die vloeistowwe wat hy drink.
  • Die studie van al die aspekte rondom sy dieet noem ons voeding .

Voedsel word in die volgende hoofgroepe verdeel:

VOEDSELGROEP Bronne Funksie Boueenhede
PROTEÏNE Vleis, vis, eiers, soja Groei en herstel Aminosure
KOOLHIDRATE Stysels, bv. brood en pastaSuikers Energiebronne Glukose
VETTE Botter, olies, vet EnergiebronBeskerming Vetsure en Gliserol
MINERALE, VITAMIENE EN WATER Vrugte en groente BeskermingGesondheid VitamieneMineraleWater
  • Dieetkundiges gee 'n ander verdeling met aanbevole daaglikse hoeveelhede (ADH). Hulle sal vir jou sê jy moet elke dag 'n sekere hoeveelheid porsies (in hakies) suiwelprodukte (2), graanprodukte (2-4), asook proteïne (2-3) en vrugte en groente (3-5) eet.

Aktiwiteit: energie per dag

  • Bestudeer die volgende kolomwaardes en meegaande kolomgrafiek en beantwoord die vrae wat volg:
OUDERDOM EN GESLAG ENERGIE IN kJ
Babas 3 250
Mans:
5-6 7 250
12-14 1 1000
18-34 redelik aktief 1 2000
35-64 redelik aktief 1 1500
Vroue:
5-6 7 000
12-14 9 000
18-54 redelik aktief 9 000
55+ 8 000
Swanger 10 000
Borsvoedend 11 500

1. Waarom dink jy is daar 'n verskil tussen mans en vroue se kJ behoefte?

2. Hoekom is 'n swanger en borsvoedende vrou se behoefte so groot?

3. Waarom is die mynwerker se kJ behoefte so groot?

4. Waarvoor staan kJ?

5. Waarom neem ouer vroue se energiebehoefte so af?

Assessering: Interpretasie van tabelle en kolomgrafiek

Kon jy die korrekte afleidings maak?

[LU 2.3]

Aktiwiteit: ONTLEDING

JOU VOEDSELINNAME

  • Voltooi die volgende tabel oor jou dieet van die afgelope 24 uur. Dui voedselgroepe aan met die kodes Proteïene (P), Koolhidrate (K), Vette (V)
Ontbyt Kode Middagete Kode Aandete Kode
.................................. ......... .............................. ......... ............................ .........
.................................. ......... .............................. ......... ............................ .........
.................................. ......... .............................. ......... ............................ .........
.................................. ......... .............................. ......... ............................ .........
.................................. ......... .............................. ......... ............................ .........
.................................. ......... .............................. ......... ............................ .........
.................................. ......... .............................. ......... ............................ .........

1. Hoeveel porsies proteïne het jy ingeneem?

2. Hoeveel porsies vrugte en groente het jy ingeneem?

3. Hoeveel water het jy gedrink?

4. Het jy dus 'n gebalanseerde dieet gevolg? Indien nie, watter aanpassings moet jy maak?

5. Teken 'n sirkeldiagram om die proporsie koolhidrate , proteïne en vette wat jy ingeneem het oor die 24 uur-periode aan te dui.

Assessering van ONTLEDING:

Kon jy jou dieet ontleed en korrekte afleidings maak?

[LU 1.3]

Klasaktiwiteit: DEMONSTRASIE VAN VOEDSELTOETSE

  • Voltooi die volgende na afloop van 'n demonstrasie:
VOEDINGSTOF REAGENS POSITIEWE TOETS
STYSEL JODIUMOPLOSSING(Geelbruin oplossing)
VETTE&OLIES VETKOLTOETS

Assessering VOEDSELTOETS DEMONSTRASIE:

Kon jy ondersoek doen en data kollekteer?

[LU 1.2]

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek

Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurverskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke kan beplan;

1.2 ondersoek kan uitvoer en data kan versamel;

1.3 data kan evalueer en bevindinge kan kommunikeer.

LU 2

Konstruksie van Wetenskapkennis

Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

2.1 betekenisvolle inligting kan onthou;

2.2 inligting kan kategoriseer;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

LU 3

Wetenskap, die Gemeenskap en die Omgewing

Die leerder is in staat om begrip van die onderlinge verband tussen wetenskap en tegnologie, die samelewing en die omgewing te toon.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

3.1 wetenskap as ‘n menslike aktiwiteit verstaan;

3.2 die volhoubare gebruik van die aarde se hulpbronne verstaan.

Memorandum

Voeding

AKTIWITEIT: Energiewaardes en grafiek:

1. mans is meer aktief

2. die vrou se liggaam moet baie ekstra voedingstowwe en prosesse verwerk

3. baie aktief

4. kilojoule – joule is Energie eenheid

5. hulle metabolismes is stadiger – minder aktief

AKTIWITEIT: ONTLEDING VAN JOU VOEDSELINNAME

Eie waarnemings

KLASAKTIWITEIT: Voedseltoetse demonstrasie

  • Styseltoets: bruin jodiumopl. Raak pers swart
  • Vetkoltoets: deurskynende vetkol op papier

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11068/1.1
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