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Natuurwetenskappe

Materie, meting en reaksies

Materie en meting

Opvoeder afdeling

Memorandum

Opdrag 1:

1. Materie is die boustof waarvan alle dinge gemaak is.

2. Natuurlik: staal; diamante; koper; graniet; katoen; yster

Sinteties: plastiek; glas; seep; nylon; rubber

Definisies: Atoom: Die kleinste deeltjie waaruit alle materie opgebou is.

Element: ‘n Stof wat uit slegs een soort atoom bestaan.

Molekule: ‘n Groepie atome wat saam ‘n eenheid vorm wat die kenmerke van die betrokke stof toon.

Verbinding: ‘n Stof wat uit twee of meer atome bestaan en in ander stowwe gedeel kan word.

Leerder afdeling

Inhoud

Skeikunde vorm ‘n onderafdeling van die leerarea Natuurwetenskappe. Skeikunde is die wetenskap wat handel oor die samestelling en kenmerke van stowwe (materie). Dit staan ook bekend as Chemie en ons almal beoefen dit elke dag. Indien jy in die oggend vir jouself koffie maak of springmielies skiet, is jy besig om chemie te gebruik.

Aktiwiteit: om die terme materie, atome, molekule, elemente en verbindings te kan beskryf [lu 2.2]

1. Wat is materie?

Materie is die wetenskaplike naam vir die boustof waarvan alle dinge gemaak is. Alle voorwerpe op die aarde is van materie gemaak, bv. die boek waaruit jy lees, die tafel waarop jy skryf of die lug wat jy inasem. Dis egter nie net die nie-lewende dinge wat van materie gemaak is nie, maar ook die lewende dinge soos plante en diere.

Opdrag 1:

1. Skryf nou in jou eie woorde neer wat materie is:

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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2. Alhoewel baie nie-lewende stowwe natuurlik voorkom, moet dit eers gesuiwer of verwerk word voordat dit gebruik kan word. Voorbeelde hiervan is yster wat eers van ystererts geskei moet word en olie wat eers geraffineer moet word. Ander stowwe word weer gemaak deur verskillende grondstowwe, bv. katoen, hout en wol te meng en te behandel. Hierdie stowwe staan as sintetiese stowwe bekend.

Klassifiseer die volgende stowwe as natuurlik of sinteties. Omsirkel die natuurlike stowwe en onderstreep die sintetiese stowwe.

staal; plastiek; glas; diamante;
koper; seep; graniet; nylon;
rubber; goud; suurstof; yster;
sout; asyn; leer; koffie

Atome, molekules, elemente en verbindings

Alle materie in die wêreld bestaan uit baie klein deeltjies of partikels. Dit word atome genoem; dit is die kleinste deeltjies waaruit materie opgebou is en kan slegs mikroskopies waargeneem word. ‘n Hoeveelheid atome word saamgevoeg en vorm ‘n molekule net soos ‘n klomp bakstene saam ‘n muur vorm.

‘n Element is ‘n stof wat uit slegs een soort atoom bestaan. ‘n Element kan dus nie in enigiets anders verdeel word nie. ‘n Verbinding is ‘n stof wat uit twee of meer soorte atome bestaan en in ander stowwe gedeel kan word. Sommige van hierdie stowwe kan elemente wees . Water is die algemeenste verbinding wat ons ken. Water bestaan uit die elemente waterstof en suurstof.

Die verskil tussen elemente en verbindings kan ook gesien word as die verskil tussen ‘n brood en sy bestanddele. Die “elemente” is die bestanddele van die brood, nl. suurdeeg, eiers, water, meel en bakpoeier. Die “verbinding” is die brood wat van hierdie bestanddele gebak is.

Beskryf die volgende terme in jou eie woorde:

Atome: ______________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________

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Element: _____________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Molekule: ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Verbinding: __________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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Assessering

Leeruitkomste 2: Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Assesseringstandaard 2.2: Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder inligting kan kategoriseer: vergelyk kenmerke van verskillende kategorieë voorwerpe, organismes en gebeurtenisse.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 16, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11078/1.1
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