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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 9

Plante: van bou tot genetika

Module 25

Die mikroskoop

Plante, net soos alle ander lewende organismes, bestaan uit basiese eenhede of selle.

Die bou van selle kan mikroskopies ondersoek word. Om dit te kan doen, moet jy eers weet hoe ‘n mikroskoop werk. Dit sal verdere studiemoontlikhede ontsluit.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om die werking van 'n mikroskoop te kan verduidelik

[lu 1.2; 1.3]

Jou onderwyser sal die bou van die mikroskoop met al sy dele met jou deurgaan, asook die hantering en alle reëls wat geld met die gebruik van sulke duur apparaat.

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om die verskillende dele van 'n mikroskoop te identifiseer

[lu 2.1; 2.2; 2.4]

Opdrag 1:

  1. Voltooi die byskrifte in die skets.
  2. Skryf die funksies van die dele in die tabel hieronder in:
Mikroskoopdeel Funksie
1. Oogstuk/ okulêr
2. Buis
3. Arm
4. Growwe stelskroef
5. Fyn stelskroef
6. Roterende neusstuk
7. Objektiewe/ lense
8. Klampe
9. Platform
10. Diafragma
11. Kondensor
12. Ligbron

3. Skryf enige belangrike hanteringsreëls neer:

4. Verduidelik hoe jy vergroting bepaal:

5. Wat is die vergroting waarop die mikroskoop waarmee jy werk, nou ingestel is? Toon jou berekening.

Assessering van Mikroskoopfunksies

Kon jy basiese dele onderskei en funksies gee?

[LU 1.2; LU 1.3]

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om die mikroskoop as apparaat te gebruik

[lu 1.2; lu 1.3]

Opdrag 1:

Werk in groepe saam en doen die volgende:

  1. Skryf met ‘n transparantpen op ‘n voorwerpglasie en kyk daarna onder lae vergroting.
  2. Skeur ‘n baie klein stukkie papier af, plaas dit op die glasie en besigtig.
  3. Kyk na iets van jou keuse, bv. ‘n klein dooie insek soos ‘n mier, of een van jou eie hare.
  4. Kyk na ‘n paar korrels suiker.

Teken dit wat jy sien op ‘n vel papier.

Opdrag 2:

Maak ‘n nat preparaat van ‘n stukkie epidermis van ‘n uieblaar. Jou onderwyser sal eers die tegniek demonstreer. Kyk eers onder lae, en daarna onder hoë vergroting.

Teken die preparaat soos met die blote oog gesien, en dan soos deur die mikroskoop gesien.

Die baksteenvormige strukture is selle. Die hele liggaam van alle plante en diere (die mens ingesluit) is uit selle opgebou.

Opdrag 3:

Skryf enige wenke neer wat jy kan gee t.o.v. hantering en die vind van die regte beeld noudat jy self ‘n mikroskoop hanteer het.

Hoekom sou jy die preparaat wou kleur met ‘n kleurmiddel?

Vra jou onderwyser watter kleurmiddel jy sou kon gebruik.

Assessering van Mikroskoop-prakties

Kon jy items hanteer en sketse voltooi?

[LU 1.2; LU 1.3]

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek

Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke uitvoer en data versamel;

1.3 data evalueer en bevindinge kommunikeer.

Memorandum

Opdrag 1:

Plante, net soos alle organismes, bestaan uit basiese eenhede of selle.

  • Die bou van selle kan mikroskopies ondersoek word. Om dit te kan doen, moet jy eers weet hoe werk ‘n mikroskoop. Dit sal verdere studiemoontlikhede ontsluit.

1. Byskrifte: volgens skets

2. Funksies van die dele

BOU VAN MIKROSKOOP

MIKROSKOOPDEEL FUNKSIE
Oogstuk/ okulêr Lens aan bopunt van buis, help met vergroting
Buis Ligstrale beweeg daardeur; plaas okulêr en objektiewe uit mekaar
Arm Vashoustuk
Growwe stelskroef Beweeg platform nader aan objektief; Aanvanklike fokus
Fyn stelskroef Fyne diep fokus
Roterende neusstuk Om objektiewe in posisie te skuif
Objektiewe/ lense Verskillende vergrotings moontlik
Klampe Hou mikroskoopskyfie in posisie
Platform Plasing van mikroskoopskyfie
Diafragma Beheer hoeveelheid lig wat deur voorwerp na oog gaan
Kondensor Konsentreer lig op voorwerp
Ligbron Gloeilampie of spieëltjie

Hantering van mikroskoop

1. Dra versigtig – gebruik beide hande

2. Moenie vingerafdrukke laat nie

3. Moet nooit lense verwyder nie

4. Versigtig met hoogste objektief

5. Hou mikroskoop vry van stof en klammigheid.

Vergroting

Waarde op objektief x waarde op okulêr

  • Bv. 10 x 40 = 400 x vergroot

OPDRAG 1:

Prakties

OPDRAG 2:

Nat preparaat

1. Neem mikroskoopskyfie/voorwerpglasie – vee skoon.

2. Plaas enkele druppel skoon water met drupper in die middel.

waterdruppelvoorwerpglasie

3. Neem voorwerp versigtig met tangetjie of dissekteernaald en plaas in waterdruppel. Vou oop en plat.

4. Neem naald en plaas regop in middel van voorwerp.

5. Plaas dekglasie skuins teen naald.

6. Neem naald vinnig weg sodat glasie in plek val.

7. Tik liggies met naald se agterkant die moontlike lugblasies uit.

8. Kleur met jodiumoplossing vir beter seldefinisie. Styselkorrels sou ook kleur.

PLANTSEL

Dit bestaan uit ‘n raamwerk met ‘n spesiale vloeistof – PROTOPLASMA – en verskeie strukture dryf daarin.

OPDRAG 3

  • Beheer die hoeveelheid lig versigtig met die kondensor
  • Fokus versigtig op en af wanneer jy met hoogste vergroting te make het
  • Kleuring: met jodiumoplossing vir beter seldefinisie.Styselkorrels sou ook kleur

Questions & Answers

Three charges q_{1}=+3\mu C, q_{2}=+6\mu C and q_{3}=+8\mu C are located at (2,0)m (0,0)m and (0,3) coordinates respectively. Find the magnitude and direction acted upon q_{2} by the two other charges.Draw the correct graphical illustration of the problem above showing the direction of all forces.
Kate Reply
To solve this problem, we need to first find the net force acting on charge q_{2}. The magnitude of the force exerted by q_{1} on q_{2} is given by F=\frac{kq_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} where k is the Coulomb constant, q_{1} and q_{2} are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.
Muhammed
What is the direction and net electric force on q_{1}= 5µC located at (0,4)r due to charges q_{2}=7mu located at (0,0)m and q_{3}=3\mu C located at (4,0)m?
Kate Reply
what is the change in momentum of a body?
Eunice Reply
what is a capacitor?
Raymond Reply
Capacitor is a separation of opposite charges using an insulator of very small dimension between them. Capacitor is used for allowing an AC (alternating current) to pass while a DC (direct current) is blocked.
Gautam
A motor travelling at 72km/m on sighting a stop sign applying the breaks such that under constant deaccelerate in the meters of 50 metres what is the magnitude of the accelerate
Maria Reply
please solve
Sharon
8m/s²
Aishat
What is Thermodynamics
Muordit
velocity can be 72 km/h in question. 72 km/h=20 m/s, v^2=2.a.x , 20^2=2.a.50, a=4 m/s^2.
Mehmet
A boat travels due east at a speed of 40meter per seconds across a river flowing due south at 30meter per seconds. what is the resultant speed of the boat
Saheed Reply
50 m/s due south east
Someone
which has a higher temperature, 1cup of boiling water or 1teapot of boiling water which can transfer more heat 1cup of boiling water or 1 teapot of boiling water explain your . answer
Ramon Reply
I believe temperature being an intensive property does not change for any amount of boiling water whereas heat being an extensive property changes with amount/size of the system.
Someone
Scratch that
Someone
temperature for any amount of water to boil at ntp is 100⁰C (it is a state function and and intensive property) and it depends both will give same amount of heat because the surface available for heat transfer is greater in case of the kettle as well as the heat stored in it but if you talk.....
Someone
about the amount of heat stored in the system then in that case since the mass of water in the kettle is greater so more energy is required to raise the temperature b/c more molecules of water are present in the kettle
Someone
definitely of physics
Haryormhidey Reply
how many start and codon
Esrael Reply
what is field
Felix Reply
physics, biology and chemistry this is my Field
ALIYU
field is a region of space under the influence of some physical properties
Collete
what is ogarnic chemistry
WISDOM Reply
determine the slope giving that 3y+ 2x-14=0
WISDOM
Another formula for Acceleration
Belty Reply
a=v/t. a=f/m a
IHUMA
innocent
Adah
pratica A on solution of hydro chloric acid,B is a solution containing 0.5000 mole ofsodium chlorid per dm³,put A in the burret and titrate 20.00 or 25.00cm³ portion of B using melting orange as the indicator. record the deside of your burret tabulate the burret reading and calculate the average volume of acid used?
Nassze Reply
how do lnternal energy measures
Esrael
Two bodies attract each other electrically. Do they both have to be charged? Answer the same question if the bodies repel one another.
JALLAH Reply
No. According to Isac Newtons law. this two bodies maybe you and the wall beside you. Attracting depends on the mass och each body and distance between them.
Dlovan
Are you really asking if two bodies have to be charged to be influenced by Coulombs Law?
Robert
like charges repel while unlike charges atttact
Raymond
What is specific heat capacity
Destiny Reply
Specific heat capacity is a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). It is measured in Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C).
AI-Robot
specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius or kelvin
ROKEEB
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11068/1.1
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