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Sosiale wetenskappe: aardrykskunde

Graad 7

Kaartwerk

Module 10

Die lees, ontleding en vertolking van topografiese kaarte

  • Die vermoë om kaarte te gebruik en te vertolk is ‘n belangrike onderdeel van ‘n mens se aardrykskundige vaardighede. As jy ‘n kaart gebruik, moet jy onthou dat: – die werklikheid op skaal verklein is; – die verskynsels en patrone gesien word asof ‘n mens van bo-af neerkyk op die landskap; – simbole gebruik word om kenmerke en verskynsels voor te stel.
  • Verskillende soorte kaarte word vir verskillende funksies geteken.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om ‘n verskeidenheid kaarte as aardrykskundige en omgewingsbronne te identifiseer

[lu 1.1]

  • Kyk hoeveel verskillende soorte kaarte jy in jou atlas kan identifiseer. Skryf van die name onder mekaar neer en dui elkeen se belangrikste funksie aan.

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om kaarte wat ‘n verskeidenheid inligting bevat te interpreteer

[lu 1.2]

  • Verdeel in groepe. Gaan soek gedurende die volgende week kaarte wat vir ‘n verskeidenheid doeleindes in jou omgewing gebruik word. Reisagentskappe, eiendomsagente, koerante, tydskrifte, motorhawens, bouers, ens. kan genader word. Stel uit elke groep ‘n eie kaartversameling saam. Maak ‘n tabel soos hierbo en noem elke kaart se funksie.
Gevind by Funksie
Reisagentskappe
Eiendomsagente
Koerante
Tydskrifte
Motorhawens
Bouers

In grade 4 tot 6 het jy alreeds kennis gemaak met baie belangrike feite oor kaartwerk. Die vier belangrikste kenmerke van TOPOGRAFIESE KAARTE is:

  • dis ‘n verkleinde weergawe van die werklikheid en moet op ‘n spesifieke skaal geteken word;
  • verskynsels word deur simbole op die kaart aangedui;
  • rigting moet op ‘n kaart bepaal kan word;
  • hoogte word deur kontoerlyne aangedui.

Kom ons kyk na elkeen van die aspekte:

1. Verskillende skale en afstandberekening

Jy weet reeds dat ‘n kaart ‘n verkleining is van die werklikheid soos van bo-af gesien. Om ‘n kaart so te kan verklein, moet jy van ‘n sekere skaal gebruik maak.

Die skaal van ‘n kaart MOET onderaan die kaart aangedui word. Daar is verskillende soorte skale wat gebruik kan word:

Lynskaal

Op ‘n lynskaal kan jy direk die afstand tussen twee plekke afmeet.

Verhoudingskaal

bv. 1:50 000

Dit beteken dat 1 sentimeter (of watter ander lengte-eenheid ook al) op die kaart gelyk is aan 50 000 sentimeter (dieselfde lengte-eenheid) in die werklikheid.

As twee plekke op die kaart 4 cm uitmekaar is, sal jy dus eers ‘n berekening moet doen om die werklike afstand te bepaal. Dit sal soos volg lyk : 4 × 50 000 = 200 000 cm

= 200 000 ÷ 100 000 = 2 km

Woordskaal

bv. 1 cm stel 20 km voor.

As die afstand tussen twee plekke op die kaart 3 cm is, sal jy ook eers ‘n berekening moet doen.Dit lyk soos volg : 3 × 20 = 60 km

Een of al die verskillende soorte skale kan op ‘n spesifieke kaart aangedui word.

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om vertroud te raak met die gebruik van lynskaal

[lu 1.3]

1. Meet jou klaskamer se lengte en breedte in meter en teken dan ‘n vloerplan daarvan. Gebruik ‘n skaal van 2 cm om 1 meter voor te stel.

Teken nog ‘n vloerplan van jou klaskamer, maar gebruik ‘n skaal van 1 cm om 1 meter voor te stel.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 09, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11020/1.1
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