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Las condiciones de Dirichlet son condiciones suficientes para garantizar la existencia de convergencia de las series de Fourier o de la transformada de Fourier.

Nombrado en honor del matemático Alemán Peter Dirichlet , las condiciones Dirichlet son las condiciones que garantizan la existencia y convergencia de las series de Fourier o de las trasformadas de Fourier .

Las condiciones débiles para las series de fourier

La condición débil de dirichlet

Para que las series de fourier existan, los coeficientes de fourier deben ser finitos, esta condición garantiza su existencia. Esencialmente dice que el integral del valor absoluto de la señal debe ser finito. Los límites de integración son diferentes para el caso de las series de fourier y de los del caso de las trasformada de Fourier. Este es el resultado que proviene directamente de las diferencias en las definiciones de las dos.

Las series de fourier existen (los coeficientes son finitas) si

Las condiciones débiles para las series de fourier

t 0 T f t
Esto se puede probar usando la condición inicial de los coeficientes iniciales de las series de fourier que pueden ser finitas.
c n 1 T t 0 T f t ω 0 n t 1 T t 0 T f t ω 0 n t
Recordando los exponenciales complejos , sabemos que la ecuación anterior ω 0 n t 1 , nos da
1 T t 0 T f t

Si tenemos la función: t 0 t T f t 1 t Entonces usted debería observar que esta función no tiene la condición necesaria.

Las condiciones débiles para la transformada de fourier

La transformada de fourier existe si

Las condiciones débiles para la trasformada de fourier

t f t
Esto se puede derivar de la misma manera en la que se derivo las condiciones débiles de Dirichlet para las series de fourier, se empieza con la definición y se demuestra que la transformada de fourier debe de ser menor que infinito en todas partes.

Las condiciones fuertes de dirichlet

La transformada de Fourier existe si la señal tiene un número finito de discontinuidades y un número finito de máximos y mínimos . Para que las series de fourier existan las siguientes dos condiciones se deben de satisfacer (junto con la condición débil de Dirichlet):

  • En un periodo, f t tiene solo un número finito de mínimos y máximos.
  • En un periodo, f t tiene un numero finito de discontinuidades y cada una es finita.
Esto es a lo que nos referimos como las condiciones fuertes de Dirichlet . En teoría podemos pensar en señales que violan estas condiciones por ejemplo t , sin embargo, no es posible crear esta señal en un laboratorio. Por eso, cualquier señal en el mundo real tendrá una representación de Fourier.

Ejemplo

Asumamos que tenemos la siguiente función e igualdad:

f t N f N t
Si f t tiene las tres condiciones Fuertes de Dirichlet, entonces f τ f τ en cualquier τ donde f t es continuo y donde f t es discontinuo, f t es el valor promedio del lado derecho e izquierdo. Vea las siguientes como un ejemplo:

Funciones Discontinuas, f t .

Las funciones que no cumplen con las condiciones de Dirichlet son patológicas como ingenieros, no estamos interesados en ellos.

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Source:  OpenStax, Señales y sistemas. OpenStax CNX. Sep 28, 2006 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10373/1.2
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