| << Chapter < Page | Chapter >> Page > |
The rounded rectangles, or terminal points, indicate the flowchart's starting and ending points.
The rectangle depicts a process such as a mathematical computation, or a variable assignment.
Note: the C++ language equivalent is the statement.
The parallelograms designate input or output operations.
Note: the C++ language equivalent is cin or cout.
Sometimes a flowchart is broken into two or more smaller flowcharts. This is usually done when a flowchart does not fit on a single page, or must be divided into sections. A connector symbol, which is a small circle with a letter or number inside it, allows you to connect two flowcharts on the same page. A connector symbol that looks like a pocket on a shirt, allows you to connect to a flowchart on a different page.
On-Page Connector
Off-Page Connector
The diamond is used to represent the true/false statement being tested in a decision symbol.
A program module is represented in a flowchart by rectangle with some lines to distinguish it from process symbol. Often programmers will make a distinction between program control and specific task modules as shown below.
Note: C++ equivalent is the function.
Local module: usually a program control function.
Library module: usually a specific task function.
Note: The default flow is left to right and top to bottom (the same way you read English). To save time arrowheads are often only drawn when the flow lines go contrary the normal.
We will demonstrate various flowcharting items by showing the flowchart for some pseudocode.
Function clear monitor
Pass In: nothing
Direct the operating system to clear the monitorPass Out: nothing
Endfunction
Function main
Pass In: nothingDoing some lines of code
Call: clear monitorDoing some lines of code
Pass Out: value zero to the operating systemEndfunction
The next item is pseudocode for a simple temperature conversion program. This demonstrates the use of both the on-page and off-page connectors. It also illustrates the sequence control structure where nothing unusually happens. Just do one instruction after another in the sequence listed.
Filename: Solution_Lab_04_Pseudocode.txt
Purpose: Convert Temperature from Fahrenheit to CelsiusAuthor: Ken Busbee; © 2008 Kenneth Leroy Busbee
Date: Dec 24, 2008Pseudocode = IPO Outline
inputdisplay a message asking user for the temperature in Fahrenheit
get the temperature from the keyboardprocessing
calculate the Celsius by subtracting 32 from the Fahrenheittemperature then multiply the result by 5 then
divide the result by 9. Round up or down to the whole number.HINT: Use 32.0 when subtracting to ensure floating-point accuracy.
outputdisplay the celsius with an appropriate message
pause so the user can see the answer
If age>17
Display a message indicating you can vote.Else
Display a message indicating you can't vote.Endif
Case of age
0 to 17 Display "You can't vote."18 to 64 Display "Your in your working years."
65 + Display "You should be retired."Endcase
count assigned zero
While count<5
Display "I love computers!"Increment count
Endwhile
For x starts at 0, x<5, increment x
Display "Are we having fun?"Endfor
The for loop does not have a standard flowcharting method and you will find it done in different ways. The for loop as a counting loop can be flowcharted similar to the while loop as a counting loop.
count assigned five
DoDisplay "Blast off is soon!"
Decrement countWhile count>zero
count assigned five
RepeatDisplay "Blast off is soon!"
Decrement countUntil count<one
Notification Switch
Would you like to follow the 'Programming fundamentals - a modular structured approach using c++' conversation and receive update notifications?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|