# Conditional probability

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The probability P(A) of an event A is a measure of the likelihood that the event will occur on any trial. New, but partial, information determines a conditioning event C , which may call for reassessing the likelihood of event A. For a fixed conditioning event C, this new assignment to all events constitutes a new probability measure. In addition, because of the way it is derived from the original, or prior, probability, the conditional probability measure has a number of special properties which are important in applications. Determination of the conditioning event is key.

## Introduction

The probability $P\left(A\right)$ of an event A is a measure of the likelihood that the event will occur on any trial. Sometimes partial information determines thatan event C has occurred. Given this information, it may be necessary to reassign the likelihood for each event A . This leads to the notion of conditional probability. For a fixed conditioning event C , this assignment to all events constitutes a new probability measure which has all the properties of the originalprobability measure. In addition, because of the way it is derived from the original, the conditional probability measure has a number of special propertieswhich are important in applications.

## Conditional probability

The original or prior probability measure utilizes all available information to make probability assignments $P\left(A\right),\phantom{\rule{0.277778em}{0ex}}P\left(B\right)$ , etc., subject to the defining conditions (P1), (P2), and (P3) . The probability $P\left(A\right)$ indicates the likelihood that event A will occur on any trial.

Frequently, new information is received which leads to a reassessment of the likelihood of event A . For example

• An applicant for a job as a manager of a service department is being interviewed. His résumé shows adequate experience and other qualifications. He conductshimself with ease and is quite articulate in his interview. He is considered a prospect highly likely to succeed. The interview is followed by an extensive backgroundcheck. His credit rating, because of bad debts, is found to be quite low. With this information, the likelihood that he is a satisfactory candidate changes radically.
• A young woman is seeking to purchase a used car. She finds one that appears to be an excellent buy. It looks “clean,” has reasonable mileage, and is a dependablemodel of a well known make. Before buying, she has a mechanic friend look at it. He finds evidence that the car has been wrecked with possible frame damage that has beenrepaired. The likelihood the car will be satisfactory is thus reduced considerably.
• A physician is conducting a routine physical examination on a patient in her seventies. She is somewhat overweight. He suspects that she may be prone to heartproblems. Then he discovers that she exercises regularly, eats a low fat, high fiber, variagated diet, and comes from a family in which survival well into their ninetiesis common. On the basis of this new information, he reassesses the likelihood of heart problems.

New, but partial, information determines a conditioning event C , which may call for reassessing the likelihood of event A . For one thing, this means that A occurs iff the event $AC$ occurs. Effectively, this makes C a new basic space. The new unit of probability mass is $P\left(C\right)$ . How should the new probability assignments be made? One possibility is to make the new assignment to A proportional to the probability $P\left(AC\right)$ . These considerations and experience with the classical case suggests the following procedure for reassignment. Althoughsuch a reassignment is not logically necessary, subsequent developments give substantial evidence that this is the appropriate procedure.

how do they get the third part x = (32)5/4
can someone help me with some logarithmic and exponential equations.
20/(×-6^2)
Salomon
okay, so you have 6 raised to the power of 2. what is that part of your answer
I don't understand what the A with approx sign and the boxed x mean
it think it's written 20/(X-6)^2 so it's 20 divided by X-6 squared
Salomon
I'm not sure why it wrote it the other way
Salomon
I got X =-6
Salomon
ok. so take the square root of both sides, now you have plus or minus the square root of 20= x-6
oops. ignore that.
so you not have an equal sign anywhere in the original equation?
Commplementary angles
hello
Sherica
im all ears I need to learn
Sherica
right! what he said ⤴⤴⤴
Tamia
hii
Uday
what is a good calculator for all algebra; would a Casio fx 260 work with all algebra equations? please name the cheapest, thanks.
a perfect square v²+2v+_
kkk nice
algebra 2 Inequalities:If equation 2 = 0 it is an open set?
or infinite solutions?
Kim
The answer is neither. The function, 2 = 0 cannot exist. Hence, the function is undefined.
Al
y=10×
if |A| not equal to 0 and order of A is n prove that adj (adj A = |A|
rolling four fair dice and getting an even number an all four dice
Kristine 2*2*2=8
Differences Between Laspeyres and Paasche Indices
No. 7x -4y is simplified from 4x + (3y + 3x) -7y
is it 3×y ?
J, combine like terms 7x-4y
how do you translate this in Algebraic Expressions
Need to simplify the expresin. 3/7 (x+y)-1/7 (x-1)=
. After 3 months on a diet, Lisa had lost 12% of her original weight. She lost 21 pounds. What was Lisa's original weight?
what's the easiest and fastest way to the synthesize AgNP?
China
Cied
types of nano material
I start with an easy one. carbon nanotubes woven into a long filament like a string
Porter
many many of nanotubes
Porter
what is the k.e before it land
Yasmin
what is the function of carbon nanotubes?
Cesar
I'm interested in nanotube
Uday
what is nanomaterials​ and their applications of sensors.
what is nano technology
what is system testing?
preparation of nanomaterial
Yes, Nanotechnology has a very fast field of applications and their is always something new to do with it...
what is system testing
what is the application of nanotechnology?
Stotaw
In this morden time nanotechnology used in many field . 1-Electronics-manufacturad IC ,RAM,MRAM,solar panel etc 2-Helth and Medical-Nanomedicine,Drug Dilivery for cancer treatment etc 3- Atomobile -MEMS, Coating on car etc. and may other field for details you can check at Google
Azam
anybody can imagine what will be happen after 100 years from now in nano tech world
Prasenjit
after 100 year this will be not nanotechnology maybe this technology name will be change . maybe aftet 100 year . we work on electron lable practically about its properties and behaviour by the different instruments
Azam
name doesn't matter , whatever it will be change... I'm taking about effect on circumstances of the microscopic world
Prasenjit
how hard could it be to apply nanotechnology against viral infections such HIV or Ebola?
Damian
silver nanoparticles could handle the job?
Damian
not now but maybe in future only AgNP maybe any other nanomaterials
Azam
Hello
Uday
I'm interested in Nanotube
Uday
this technology will not going on for the long time , so I'm thinking about femtotechnology 10^-15
Prasenjit
can nanotechnology change the direction of the face of the world
At high concentrations (>0.01 M), the relation between absorptivity coefficient and absorbance is no longer linear. This is due to the electrostatic interactions between the quantum dots in close proximity. If the concentration of the solution is high, another effect that is seen is the scattering of light from the large number of quantum dots. This assumption only works at low concentrations of the analyte. Presence of stray light.
the Beer law works very well for dilute solutions but fails for very high concentrations. why?
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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A fair die is tossed 180 times. Find the probability P that the face 6 will appear between 29 and 32 times inclusive