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Inleiding

Jy behoort reeds te weet wat die n de magswortel van 'n getal is. Indien die n de magswortel van 'n getal nie as 'n rasionale getal geskryf kan word nie, noem ons dit 'n wortelgetal . Byvoorbeeld, 2 en 6 3 is wortelgetalle, maar 4 is nie 'n wortelgetal nie, aangesien ons dit kan vereenvoudig tot die rasionale getal 2.

In hierdie hoofstuk gaan ons slegs wortelgetalle van die vorm a n ondersoek, waar n 'n positiewe heelgetal en a enige positiewe getal is, byvoorbeeld 7 en 5 3 . Dit is algemeen dat n = 2 en daarom skryf ons a in plaas van a 2 want dit is makliker om te lees.

Dit is soms nuttig om 'n wortelgetal te benader sonder om 'n sakrekenaar te gebruik. Ons wil, byvoorbeeld, kan benader waar 3 op die getallelyn lê. Met 'n sakrekenaar kan ons bereken 3 = 1 , 73205 . . . en 3 is dus tussen 1 en 2. Om sonder 'n sakrekenaar te bepaal waar ander wortelgetalle, soos 18 , op die getallelyn lê, moet jy eers die volgende verstaan:

Interessante feit

As a en b positiewe getalle is met a < b , is a n < b n . (Uitdaging: Kan jy verduidelik waarom dit die geval is?)

Gebruik jou sakrekenaar om hierdie stelling te toets vir 'n paar getalle.

Hoe kan ons hierdie reël gebruik om 18 te benader? Eerstens, weet ons dat 18 < 25 . Met ons reël weet ons nou ook dat 18 < 25 . Aangesien 5 2 = 25 , is 25 = 5 en ons weet dat 18 < 5 . Nou het ons reeds 'n beter idee van waar 18 op die getallelyn voorkom.

Ons kan nou dieselfde reël gebruik, maar hierdie keer met 18 aan die regterkant. Aangesien 16 < 18 en deur die reël te gebruik, weet ons dat 16 < 18 . Maar ons weet ook dat 16 'n volkome vierkant is en 16 = 4 . Dus weet ons dat 4 < 18 .

Met hierdie twee stappe weet ons nou dat 18 tussen 4 en 5 lê. 'n Sakrekenaar sal jou wys dat 18 = 4 , 1231 . . . wat bevestig dat ons reg is! Die basiese idee is om volkome vierkante naby aan 18 te gebruik om te bepaal waar dit op die getallelyn lê. Ons het die grootste volkome vierkant kleiner as 18 gevind, naamlik 4 2 = 16 , en die kleinste volkome vierkant groter as 18, naamlik 5 2 = 25 . Hier is 'n kort oorsig van wat 'n volkome vierkant en 'n volkome derdemag is:

Interessante feit

'n Volkome vierkant is die getal wat verkry word wanneer 'n heelgetal met homself vermenigvuldig word. Byvoorbeeld, 9 is 'n volkome vierkant aangesien 3 2 = 9 . Soortgelyk is 'n volkome derdemag die getal wat verkry word wanneer 'n heelgetal tot die derde mag verhef word. Byvoorbeeld, 27 is 'n volkome derdemag aangesien 3 3 = 27 .

Om dit makliker te maak om ons reël te gebruik, kan ons 'n lys van volkome vierkante en derdemagte saamstel.

Enkele volkome vierkante en derdemagte.
Heelgetal Volkome Vierkant Volkome Derdemag
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 4 8
3 9 27
4 16 64
5 25 125
6 36 216
7 49 343
8 64 512
9 81 729
10 100 1000

Gegee die wortelgetal 52 3 , behoort jy te kan sien dat dit iewers tussen 3 en 4 lê op die getallelyn, aangesien 27 3 = 3 en 64 3 = 4 en 52 tussen 27 en 64 is. Jou sakrekenaar sal dit bevestig: 52 3 = 3 , 73 ... .

Vind die opeenvolgende heelgetalle wat weerskante van 26 lê.

(Onthou dat opeenvolgende heelgetalle met 1 verskil, byvoorbeeld 5 en 6, of 8 en 9.)

  1. Dit is 5 2 = 25 . Daarom 5 < 26 .

  2. Dit is 6 2 = 36 . Daarom 26 < 6 .

  3. Die antwoord is 5 < 26 < 6 .

49 3 lê tussen:

(a) 1 en 2 (b) 2 en 3 (c) 3 en 4 (d) 4 en 5
  1. Indien 1 < 49 3 < 2 , is die derdemagte van al die getalle 1 < 49 < 2 3 . Vereenvoudig: 1 < 49 < 8 wat vals is. Dus lê 49 3 nie tussen 1 en 2 nie.

  2. Indien 2 < 49 3 < 3 , is die derdemagte van al die getalle 2 3 < 49 < 3 3 . Vereenvoudig: 8 < 49 < 27 wat vals is. Dus lê 49 3 nie tussen 2 en 3 nie.

  3. Indien 3 < 49 3 < 4 , is die derdemagte van al die getalle 3 3 < 49 < 4 3 . Vereenvoudig: 27 < 49 < 64 wat waar is. Dus lê 49 3 tussen 3 en 4.

Hoofstukoefeninge

1. 5 lê tussen (a) 1 en 2 (b) 2 en 3 (c) 3 en 4 (d) 4 en 5 Kliek hier vir die oplossing
2. 10 lê tussen (a) 1 en 2 (b) 2 en 3 (c) 3 en 4 (d) 4 en 5 Kliek hier vir die oplossing
3. 20 lê tussen (a) 2 en 3 (b) 3 en 4 (c) 4 en 5 (d) 5 en 6 Kliek hier vir die oplossing
4. 30 lê tussen (a) 3 en 4 (b) 4 en 5 (c) 5 en 6 (d) 6 en 7 Kliek hier vir die oplossing
5. 5 3 lê tussen (a) 1 en 2 (b) 2 en 3 (c) 3 en 4 (d) 4 en 5 Kliek hier vir die oplossing
6. 10 3 lê tussen (a) 1 en 2 (b) 2 en 3 (c) 3 en 4 (d) 4 en 5 Kliek hier vir die oplossing
7. 20 3 lê tussen (a) 2 en 3 (b) 3 en 4 (c) 4 en 5 (d) 5 en 6 Kliek hier vir die oplossing
8. 30 3 lê tussen (a) 3 en 4 (b) 4 en 5 (c) 5 en 6 (d) 6 en 7 Kliek hier vir die oplossing
  1. Vind twee opeenvolgende heelgetalle wat weerskante van 7 lê op die getallelyn. Kliek hier vir die oplossing
  2. Vind twee opeenvolgende heelgetalle wat weerskante van 15 lê op die getallelyn. Kliek hier vir die oplossing

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Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 10) [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Aug 04, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11328/1.4
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