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Natuurwetenskappe

Materie, meting en reaksies

Materie en meting

Opvoeder afdeling

Memorandum

Water:

  • H 2 O
  • Waterstof en suurstof
  • Die elemente suurstof en waterstof het met mekaar verbind. Dit het ‘n nuwe stof, nl. Water, gevorm wat dus uit twee soorte atome bestaan. Die atome het nou saamgebind om ‘n watermolekule te vorm.
  • Ja, die elemente word in ‘n vaste verhouding gekombineer om ‘n nuwe stof te vorm met nuwe eienskappe.

Opdrag2:

1.

  • 500 suurstofatome
  • 1 000 suurstofatome

2. Kombinasie

FORMULE KOMBINASIE
O 2 Suurstofmolekule: Twee suurstofatome
NaCl Natriumchloried (tafelsout): een atoom natrium en een atoom chloried
N 2 O 5 Natriumoksiedmolekule: Twee natriumatome kombineer met 5 suurstofatome
Fe 2 O 3 Ysteroksied: Twee ysteratome kombineer met 3 suurstofatome
MgCl 2 Magnesiumchloried: Een magnesiumatoom kombineer met 2 chloriedatome
CO Koolstofmonoksied: Een koolstofatoom verbind met een suurstofatoom

Leerder afdeling

Inhoud

Aktiwiteit: om die samestelling van stowwe aan die hand van chemiese simbole en formules te kan beskryf [lu 2.3]

Wanneer ons die fisiese of chemiese eienskappe van ‘n stof ken, kan ons dit gebruik om ‘n ander stof te maak. Water is bv. die beste oplosmiddel, want baie stowwe los daarin op. Ons kan die verbinding, water, ook gebruik om gasse soos waterstof en suurstof te maak. Ons kan ook water maak deur hierdie twee gasse te meng.

Ons gebruik chemiese simbole vir elemente en chemiese formules vir verbindings. Hier volg ‘n paar chemiese simbole:

  • Ag (simbool) staan vir silwer
  • Fe staan vir yster
  • Pb staan vir lood
  • Au staan vir goud

Probeer om die samestelling van ‘n watermolekule te illustreer:

  • Skryf die chemiese formule vir water neer.

_____________________________________________________________________

  • Uit watter twee elemente bestaan water?

__________________________________ en _______________________________

  • Wat moes met die twee elemente gebeur het om water te vorm?

Gebruik die woorde elemente , atome en molekule in jou beskrywing.

_____________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  • Sou jy sê hierdie verbinding is in ‘n vaste verhouding of kan dit verander word na goeddunke? Motiveer jou antwoord.

_____________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

  • Stel die atoomverbindings van water grafies voor:

Opdrag 2

Probeer nou om die chemiese formule van koolstofdioksied te ontleed:

Koolstofdioksied is ‘n verbinding wat uit twee soorte atome bestaan. Die chemiese formule is:

CO 2

Hierdie chemiese formule beteken dat een koolstofatoom met twee suurstofatome kombineer om koolstofdioksied te vorm. Met ander woorde, ons kan sê dat die verhouding van koolstofatome tot suurstofatome in koolstofdioksiedmolekules 1:2 is.

1. Hoeveel suurstofatome is nodig indien daar:

  • 250 koolstofatome is?_______________________________________________
  • 500 koolstofatome is?_______________________________________________

2. Werk die kombinasies van die volgende formules uit:

FORMULE KOMBINASIE
O 2 ____________________________________________________
NaCl ____________________________________________________
N 2 O 5 ____________________________________________________
Fe 2 O 3 ____________________________________________________
MgCl 2 ____________________________________________________
CO ____________________________________________________

Assessering

Leeruitkomste 2: Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Assesseringstandaard 2.3: Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder inligting interpreteer: identifiseer kernidees in die teks, vind patrone in aangetekende data en maak gevolgtrekkings uit inligting in verskeie vorme (prente, diagramme, ens.).

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 16, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11078/1.1
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