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Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis

Graad 8

Grond en mag

Module 8

Industrialisasie in suid-afrika

Suid-Afrika beskik oor ‘n geweldige mineralerykdom. Goud, diamante en platinum en noodsaaklike basismetale soos koper, tin, yster, lood en sink word ontgin. Die mynbou-sektor is dus ‘n belangrike bron van werkskepping. Die enigste ander land met so ‘n omvangryke verskeidenheid minerale en metale soos Suid-Afrika is die uitgestrekte Rusland.

Die Ontdekking van Goud en Diamante in Sa

Teen die middel van die negentiende eeu was die gebiede wat Brittanje in Suid-Afrika gekoloniseer het, vir die Britte ‘n ekonomiese las. Droogtes in die Kaapkolonie; gevegte in die Oranje-Vrystaat met die Basoeto’s en swak binnelandse markte in die ou ZAR (Transvaal) het daartoe gelei dat die Britte hul beheer oor hierdie gebiede beëindig het deur die ondertekening van die Sandrivierkonvensie in 1852 met Transvaal en die Bloemfonteinkonvensie in 1854 met die OVS.

Die ontdekking van goud in 1868, noord van die Limpopo-rivier, by Tati het aanvanklik nie veel aandag getrek nie, want in 1867 is die eerste diamant naby Hopetown ontdek. Hierdie diamante was spoeldiamante, wat in die spoelgrond langs die riviere aangetref is.

Weerskante van die Vaalrivier is meer diamante gevind wat gelei het tot ‘n grootskaalse instroming van delwers. Die delwers kon nie met Pretorius, die president van die ZAR oor hul regte ooreenkom nie en het hul eie delwersrepubliek by Klipdrif uitgeroep.

In 1870 en 1871 is diamante verder van die Vaalrivier af, eers by Dutoitspan (later Kimberley) en toe by Vooruitzicht ontdek. Hierdie droë delwerye het bekend geword as die grootste diamantvondste in die wêreld en buitelanders het nou op die gebied toegesak. Konflik tussen die verskillende aanspraakmakers op die diamant­grond, naamlik die republieke, die kolonies en die inboorlingkaptein was onvermydelik.

Alhoewel J.H. Davis al in 1852 die eerste goud in die bekende Witwatersrand op ‘n plaas naby Krugersdorp ontdek het, het die ZAR-regering hom gedwing om stil te bly daaroor. Verskillende ander goudvondste is gemaak, soos die vonds van Walker en Harrison op die plaas Langlaagte. Eers in 1886 was dit duidelik dat hierdie vonds die hoofgoudrif van die Witwatersrand was.

Die dorp Johannesburg het ontwikkel op die plaas Randjeslaagte. Transportryers kon nie tred hou met die vervoer van mense en goedere nie, gevolglik is spoorlyne aangelê. Johannesburg is in 1892 deur middel van ‘n spoorlyn verbind met Kaapstad en in 1895 met Durban.

Aktiwiteit 1: tydoefening

  • Trek nou ‘n TYDLYN waarop jy die gebeure op die Suid-Afrikaanse diamant- en goudvelde wat hier bespreek is, aandui. Gaan soos volg te werk:

a) Skryf die woord TYDLYN en waaroor die tydlyn handel, bo-aan.

b) RANGSKIK eers die DATUMS in CHRONOLOGIESE VOLGORDE.

c) SKRYF nou die DATUMS onder mekaar neer.

d) VUL nou slegs die GEBEURE wat op die datums betrekking het, langs elke datum in. Sorg vir volledigheid.

LU 1.2 LU 1.4 LU 1.5 LU 2.1 LU 2.2

Aktiwiteit 2: bron a en b

  • Lees die volgende twee bronne noukeurig deur en beantwoord dan die vrae wat volg.

Questions & Answers

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In biology, a pathogen (Greek: πάθος pathos "suffering", "passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is anything that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s.[1][2
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Source:  OpenStax, Geskiedenis graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11043/1.1
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