# 0.4 Transverse waves  (Page 5/10)

 Page 5 / 10

## Graphs of particle motion (not in caps - included for interest)

In Transverse Pulses , we saw that when a pulse moves through a medium, there are two different motions: the motion of the particles of the medium and the motion of the pulse. These two motions are at right angles to each other when the pulse is transverse. Since a transverse wave is a series of transverse pulses, the particle in the medium and the wave move in exactly the same way as for the pulse.

When a transverse wave moves horizontally through the medium, the particles in the medium only move up and down. We can see this in the figure below, which shows the motion of a single particle as a transverse wave moves through the medium.

A particle in the medium only moves up and down when a transverse wave moves horizontally through the medium.

As in Transverse Pulses , we can draw a graph of the particles' position as a function of time. For the wave shown in the above figure, we can draw the graph shown below.

The graph of the particle's velocity as a function of time is obtained by taking the gradient of the position vs. time graph. The graph of velocity vs. time for the position vs. time graph above, is shown in the graph below.

The graph of the particle's acceleration as a function of time is obtained by taking the gradient of the velocity vs. time graph. The graph of acceleration vs. time for the position vs. time graph shown above, is shown below.

As for motion in one dimension, these graphs can be used to describe the motion of the particle in the medium. This is illustrated in the worked examples below.

The following graph shows the position of a particle of a wave as a function of time.

1. Draw the corresponding velocity vs. time graph for the particle.
2. Draw the corresponding acceleration vs. time graph for the particle.
1. The $y$ vs. $t$ graph is given. The ${v}_{y}$ vs. $t$ and ${a}_{y}$ vs. $t$ graphs are required.
2. To find the velocity of the particle we need to find the gradient of the $y$ vs. $t$ graph at each time. At point A the gradient is a maximum and positive.At point B the gradient is zero. At point C the gradient is a maximum, but negative.At point D the gradient is zero. At point E the gradient is a maximum and positive again.
3. To find the acceleration of the particle we need to find the gradient of the ${v}_{y}$ vs. $t$ graph at each time. At point A the gradient is zero.At point B the gradient is negative and a maximum. At point C the gradient is zero.At point D the gradient is positive and a maximum. At point E the gradient is zero.

## Mathematical description of waves

If you look carefully at the pictures of waves you will notice that they look very much like sine or cosine functions. This is correct. Waves can be described by trigonometric functions that are functions of time or of position.Depending on which case we are dealing with the function will be a function of $t$ or $x$ . For example, a function of position would be:

$y\left(x\right)=Asin\left({360}^{\circ },\frac{x}{\lambda },+,\phi \right)$

so some one know about replacing silicon atom with phosphorous in semiconductors device?
how to fabricate graphene ink ?
for screen printed electrodes ?
SUYASH
What is lattice structure?
of graphene you mean?
Ebrahim
or in general
Ebrahim
in general
s.
Graphene has a hexagonal structure
tahir
On having this app for quite a bit time, Haven't realised there's a chat room in it.
Cied
what is biological synthesis of nanoparticles
what's the easiest and fastest way to the synthesize AgNP?
China
Cied
types of nano material
I start with an easy one. carbon nanotubes woven into a long filament like a string
Porter
many many of nanotubes
Porter
what is the k.e before it land
Yasmin
what is the function of carbon nanotubes?
Cesar
I'm interested in nanotube
Uday
what is nanomaterials​ and their applications of sensors.
what is nano technology
what is system testing?
preparation of nanomaterial
Yes, Nanotechnology has a very fast field of applications and their is always something new to do with it...
what is system testing
what is the application of nanotechnology?
Stotaw
In this morden time nanotechnology used in many field . 1-Electronics-manufacturad IC ,RAM,MRAM,solar panel etc 2-Helth and Medical-Nanomedicine,Drug Dilivery for cancer treatment etc 3- Atomobile -MEMS, Coating on car etc. and may other field for details you can check at Google
Azam
anybody can imagine what will be happen after 100 years from now in nano tech world
Prasenjit
after 100 year this will be not nanotechnology maybe this technology name will be change . maybe aftet 100 year . we work on electron lable practically about its properties and behaviour by the different instruments
Azam
name doesn't matter , whatever it will be change... I'm taking about effect on circumstances of the microscopic world
Prasenjit
how hard could it be to apply nanotechnology against viral infections such HIV or Ebola?
Damian
silver nanoparticles could handle the job?
Damian
not now but maybe in future only AgNP maybe any other nanomaterials
Azam
Hello
Uday
I'm interested in Nanotube
Uday
this technology will not going on for the long time , so I'm thinking about femtotechnology 10^-15
Prasenjit
can nanotechnology change the direction of the face of the world
At high concentrations (>0.01 M), the relation between absorptivity coefficient and absorbance is no longer linear. This is due to the electrostatic interactions between the quantum dots in close proximity. If the concentration of the solution is high, another effect that is seen is the scattering of light from the large number of quantum dots. This assumption only works at low concentrations of the analyte. Presence of stray light.
the Beer law works very well for dilute solutions but fails for very high concentrations. why?
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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