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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 8

Energie en verandering

Module 12

Breking van wit lig

Refraksie

Tydens ligbreking of refraksie sal ligstrale breek of van rigting verander as dit van een ligmedium na ‘n ander deurgaan, bv. wanneer lig deur ‘n glasruit gaan. Lig beweeg die vinnigste wanneer dit deur ‘n lugleegte of VAKUUM beweeg (spoed van lig).

Dit gaan effe stadiger (omtrent 25% stadiger) deur gewone lug en heelwat stadiger deur glas.

Refraksie word in honderde toestelle en toepassings gebruik, bv. in brille, mikroskope, teleskope en nog baie meer. Een van die interessante verskynsels bly egter in die natuur wanneer ligbreking deur honderde waterdruppels veroorsaak word om ‘n reënboog te vorm.

Willabond Snell (1580-1626) was die eerste wetenskaplike wat ondersoek oor ligbreking gedoen het. Lees meer op oor hom.

Aktiwiteit:

Om breking van wit lig te ondersoek

[LU 2.1, 2.4]

Die split van wit lig:

  • Die verskynsel kan in die klas gedemonstreer word deur ‘n ligstraal deur ‘n PRISMA te skyn. ‘n Prisma is ‘n driehoekige glas- of perspeksblok. So sal jy vind dat wit lig uit alle kleure van ‘n reënboog saamgestel is – mens noem hierdie kleurereeks die SPEKTRUM .
  • Nie alle kleure wat wit lig saamstel, beweeg egter teen dieselfde spoed nie.
  • Rooi – met die langste golflengte - sal die minste ligbreking ondergaan. Aan die ander kant van die SPEKTRUM sal blou lig – met die kortste golflengte – die meeste ligbreking toon.

Brille is iets wat vir baie mense met bysiendheid en versiendheid verligting bring.

Opdrag 1:

Onderskei tussen die twee:

Bysiendheid:

V ersiendheid:

Brille se lense kan net soos weerkaatsingsoppervlaktes, waarvan jy reeds geleer het, ook konkaaf of konveks gemaak word. Die lens word egter aan beide kante so gebuig – ons praat van bikonveks en bikonkaaf .

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke kan beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke kan uitvoer en data kan insamel;

1.3 data kan evalueer en bevindinge kan kommunikeer.

LU 2

Wetenskaplike KennisDie leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

2.1 sinvolle inligting kan oproep;

2.2 inligting in kategorieë kan plaas;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

LU 3

Wetenskap, Omgewing en die GemeenskapDie leerder is in staat om begrip van die onderlinge verband tussen wetenskap en tegnologie, die samelewing en die omgewing te toon.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

3.1 wetenskap as ‘n menslike aktiwiteit kan verstaan;

3.2 volhoubare gebruik van die aarde se hulpbronne verstaan.

Memorandum

REFRAKSIE:

  • Tydens ligbreking of refraksie sal ligstrale breek of rigting verander as dit van een ligmedium na ‘n ander deurgaan, bv. wanneer lig deur ‘n glasruit gaan. Lig beweeg op sy vinnigste
  • wanneer dit deur ‘n lugleegte of VAKUUM beweeg (spoed van lig). Dit gaan effe stadiger (omtrent 25% stadiger) deur gewone lug en heelwat stadiger deur glas.
  • Refraksie word in honderde toestelle en toepassings gebruik, bv. in brille, mikroskope, teleskope en nog baie meer. Een van die interessante verskynsels bly egter in die natuur wanneer ligbreking deur honderde waterdruppels veroorsaak word om ‘n reënboog te vorm.
  • Willabond Snell (1580-1626) was die eerste wetenskaplike wat ondersoek oor ligbreking gedoen het. Lees meer op oor hom.

DIE SPLIT VAN WIT LIG:

Aktiwiteit:

OPDRAG 1:

  • Die verskynsel kan in die klas gedemonstreer word deur ‘n ligstraal deur ‘n PRISMA te skyn.
  • ‘n Prisma is ‘n driehoekige glas- of perspeksblok.
  • Wit lig is uit alle kleure van ‘n reënboog saamgestel – mens noem hierdie kleurereeks die SPEKTRUM .

Nie alle kleure wat wit lig saamstel, beweeg egter teen dieselfde spoed nie.

Rooi – met die langste golflengte - sal die minste ligbreking ondergaan. Aan die ander kant van die SPEKTRUM sal blou lig – met die kortste golflengte – die meeste ligbreking toon.

Voltooi die volgende skets deur die spektrum met kleurpotlode in te teken.

  • Brille is iets wat vir baie mense met bysiendheid en versienheid verligting bring.
  • BYSIENDHEID: Mense wat naby goed sien, maar ver voorwerpe raak dof
  • VERSIENDHEID: Mense wat ver goed kan sien, maar naby focus, soos lees, is moeilik veral ouer persone ontwikkel hierdie probleem.
  • Brille se lense kan net soos weerkaatsingsoppervlaktes, waarvan reeds geleer is, ook konkaaf of konveks gemaak word. Die lens word egter aan beide kante so gebuig – ons praat van bikonveks en bikonkaaf.
  • Verdere moontlikhede:
  • Lens ligbreking
  • Gaatjie-kamera en verkyker

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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