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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 8

Biodiversiteit: aanpassings en oorlewing

Module 23

Prehistoriese lewe

Vir miljoene jare was die enigste lewe op aarde klein mikroskopiese eensellige organismes. Sowat 700 miljoen jaar gelede het die regte diere soos jellievisse en sponse in die see verskyn.

Hulle het sagte liggame gehad maar omdat diere skulpe, tande en kloue ontwikkel het, kan ons vandag nog bepaal hoe hulle gelyk het. Hoe? Deur die bestudering van nuutontdekte fossiele.

Van die begin van die Kambriaanse tydperk of periode sluit die fossielfondse diere soos krokodille en haaie in.

Sommige diere het gou uitgesterf toe toestande verander het. Ander het aanpassings gemaak en het oorleef. Verskeie kere in die aarde se geskiedenis was daar massale uitsterwings.

Die aarde is biljoene jare oud.

Vind meer hieroor uit: Besoek www.ucamp.berkeley.edu/exhibit/geology.html

Net soos ’n horlosie in ure, minute en sekondes verdeel word, so kan die aarde se geskiedenis in vier groot blokke verdeel word. Ons noem dit EONS. Die eerste drie saam staan bekend as die Prekambriaanse tydperk. Ons inligting oor dié tydperk is skraps vanweë min fossiele wat oorgebly het en waarvan ons sou kon leer.

Die laaste tydperk staan bekend as die Proterosoïese eon. Dié eon het sowat 540 miljoen jaar gelede begin en word in vier eras verdeel.

Hierdie eras is in periodes verdeel wat elk tussen 2 en 80 miljoen jaar kon geduur het.

Aktiwiteit: begripstoets en navorsing

1. Wat dink jy is geologiese tyd?

2. Gebruik die sirkel om die indeling van geologiese tyd soos hierbo beskryf, voor te stel.

3. Wat sou die massale uitsterwings waarna in die stuk verwys word veroorsaak het?

4. Wat is fossiele?

  1. Hoe dink jy bepaal wetenskaplikes die ouderdom van die aarde? Vind meer uit oor koolstofdatering.

NAVORSING: KOOLSTOFDATERING:

6. Vind meer uit oor EVOLUSIE soos wat dit gedokumenteer is.

  • Onthou dat hierdie ’n sensitiewe onderwerp is en dat almal nie dieselfde sienings huldig nie. Dit is egter ’n wetenskaplike se plig om alle verskynsels en teorieë te ondersoek en sy gevolgtrekkings met ander te deel. Elke individu kan dan besluit of hy saamstem of nie. Neem dus ’n ingeligte besluit!

NAVORSING: EVOLUSIE:

  • Soek op google.com

Assessering van navorsing:

Kon jy enigiets uitvind oor koolstofdatering en evolusie?

[LU 1.2]

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek

Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke kan beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke kan uitvoer en data kan insamel;

1.3 data kan evalueer en bevindinge kan kommunikeer.

Memorandum

Prehistoriese lewe

Aktiwiteit: begripstoets en navorsing

  • Berei voor – lees self op oor koolstofdatering en kry bronne oor evolusie
  • Ook massauitsterwings
  • Soek toepaslike videomateriaal

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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