# Introduction to fourier analysis

 Page 1 / 1
Lists the four Fourier transforms and when to use them.

## Fourier's daring leap

Fourier postulated around 1807 that any periodic signal (equivalently finite length signal) can be built up as an infinite linear combination of harmonic sinusoidal waves.

i.e. Given the collection

$B={\left\{{e}^{j\frac{2\pi }{T}nt}\right\}}_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }$

any

$f\left(t\right)\in {L}^{2}\left[0,T\right)$

can be approximated arbitrarily closely by

$f\left(t\right)=\sum _{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{C}_{n}\phantom{\rule{0.166667em}{0ex}}{e}^{j\frac{2\pi }{T}nt}.$

Now, The issue of exact convergence did bring Fourier much criticism from the French Academy of Science (Laplace,Lagrange, Monge and LaCroix comprised the review committee) for several years after its presentation on 1807. It was notresolved for also a century, and its resolution is interesting and important to understand from a practical viewpoint. See more in the section on Gibbs Phenomena .

Fourier analysis is fundamental to understanding the behavior of signals and systems. This is a result of the fact thatsinusoids are Eigenfunctions of linear, time-invariant (LTI) systems. This is to say that if we pass any particular sinusoid through aLTI system, we get a scaled version of that same sinusoid on the output. Then, since Fourier analysis allows us to redefine thesignals in terms of sinusoids, all we need to do is determinehow any given system effects all possible sinusoids (its transfer function ) and we have a complete understanding of the system. Furthermore, sincewe are able to define the passage of sinusoids through a system as multiplication of that sinusoid by the transfer function atthe same frequency, we can convert the passage of any signal through a system from convolution (in time) to multiplication (in frequency). These ideas are what give Fourier analysis itspower.

Now, after hopefully having sold you on the value of this method of analysis, we must examine exactly what we mean by Fourieranalysis. The four Fourier transforms that comprise this analysis are the Fourier Series , Continuous-Time Fourier Transform , Discrete-Time Fourier Transform and Discrete Fourier Transform . For this document, we will view the Laplace Transform and Z-Transform as simply extensions of the CTFT and DTFT respectively. All of thesetransforms act essentially the same way, by converting a signal in time to an equivalent signal in frequency (sinusoids).However, depending on the nature of a specific signal i.e. whether it is finite- or infinite-length and whether it is discrete- or continuous-time) there is anappropriate transform to convert the signal into the frequency domain. Below is a table of the four Fourier transforms andwhen each is appropriate. It also includes the relevant convolution for the specified space.

Table of fourier representations
Transform Time Domain Frequency Domain Convolution
Continuous-Time Fourier Series ${L}^{2}(\left[0 , T\right))$ ${l}^{2}(\mathbb{Z})$ Continuous-Time Circular
Continuous-Time Fourier Transform ${L}^{2}(\mathbb{R})$ ${L}^{2}(\mathbb{R})$ Continuous-Time Linear
Discrete-Time Fourier Transform ${l}^{2}(\mathbb{Z})$ ${L}^{2}(\left[0 , 2\pi \right))$ Discrete-Time Linear
Discrete Fourier Transform ${l}^{2}(\left[0 , N-1\right])$ ${l}^{2}(\left[0 , N-1\right])$ Discrete-Time Circular

find the 15th term of the geometric sequince whose first is 18 and last term of 387
The given of f(x=x-2. then what is the value of this f(3) 5f(x+1)
hmm well what is the answer
Abhi
how do they get the third part x = (32)5/4
can someone help me with some logarithmic and exponential equations.
20/(×-6^2)
Salomon
okay, so you have 6 raised to the power of 2. what is that part of your answer
I don't understand what the A with approx sign and the boxed x mean
it think it's written 20/(X-6)^2 so it's 20 divided by X-6 squared
Salomon
I'm not sure why it wrote it the other way
Salomon
I got X =-6
Salomon
ok. so take the square root of both sides, now you have plus or minus the square root of 20= x-6
oops. ignore that.
so you not have an equal sign anywhere in the original equation?
hmm
Abhi
is it a question of log
Abhi
🤔.
Abhi
Commplementary angles
hello
Sherica
im all ears I need to learn
Sherica
right! what he said ⤴⤴⤴
Tamia
hii
Uday
what is a good calculator for all algebra; would a Casio fx 260 work with all algebra equations? please name the cheapest, thanks.
a perfect square v²+2v+_
kkk nice
algebra 2 Inequalities:If equation 2 = 0 it is an open set?
or infinite solutions?
Kim
The answer is neither. The function, 2 = 0 cannot exist. Hence, the function is undefined.
Al
y=10×
if |A| not equal to 0 and order of A is n prove that adj (adj A = |A|
rolling four fair dice and getting an even number an all four dice
Kristine 2*2*2=8
Differences Between Laspeyres and Paasche Indices
No. 7x -4y is simplified from 4x + (3y + 3x) -7y
how do you translate this in Algebraic Expressions
Need to simplify the expresin. 3/7 (x+y)-1/7 (x-1)=
. After 3 months on a diet, Lisa had lost 12% of her original weight. She lost 21 pounds. What was Lisa's original weight?
what's the easiest and fastest way to the synthesize AgNP?
China
Cied
types of nano material
I start with an easy one. carbon nanotubes woven into a long filament like a string
Porter
many many of nanotubes
Porter
what is the k.e before it land
Yasmin
what is the function of carbon nanotubes?
Cesar
I'm interested in nanotube
Uday
what is nanomaterials​ and their applications of sensors.
what is nano technology
what is system testing?
preparation of nanomaterial
Yes, Nanotechnology has a very fast field of applications and their is always something new to do with it...
what is system testing
what is the application of nanotechnology?
Stotaw
In this morden time nanotechnology used in many field . 1-Electronics-manufacturad IC ,RAM,MRAM,solar panel etc 2-Helth and Medical-Nanomedicine,Drug Dilivery for cancer treatment etc 3- Atomobile -MEMS, Coating on car etc. and may other field for details you can check at Google
Azam
anybody can imagine what will be happen after 100 years from now in nano tech world
Prasenjit
after 100 year this will be not nanotechnology maybe this technology name will be change . maybe aftet 100 year . we work on electron lable practically about its properties and behaviour by the different instruments
Azam
name doesn't matter , whatever it will be change... I'm taking about effect on circumstances of the microscopic world
Prasenjit
how hard could it be to apply nanotechnology against viral infections such HIV or Ebola?
Damian
silver nanoparticles could handle the job?
Damian
not now but maybe in future only AgNP maybe any other nanomaterials
Azam
Hello
Uday
I'm interested in Nanotube
Uday
this technology will not going on for the long time , so I'm thinking about femtotechnology 10^-15
Prasenjit
can nanotechnology change the direction of the face of the world
At high concentrations (>0.01 M), the relation between absorptivity coefficient and absorbance is no longer linear. This is due to the electrostatic interactions between the quantum dots in close proximity. If the concentration of the solution is high, another effect that is seen is the scattering of light from the large number of quantum dots. This assumption only works at low concentrations of the analyte. Presence of stray light.
the Beer law works very well for dilute solutions but fails for very high concentrations. why?
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
Privacy Information Security Software Version 1.1a
Good
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!