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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 8

Biodiversiteit: aanpassings en oorlewing

Module 24

Fossiele

Fossiele is die oorblyfsels van dooie plante, diere, bakterieë en ander lewensvorme wat miljoene jare gelede geleef en toe versteen het.

Fossiele is dus versteende oorblyfsels van organismes, bv. tande, bene, bas of skulpe. Dit kan ook spore of afval van organismes wees.

1. Wanneer ’n dier/organismes doodgaan vergaan die sagte dele eerste. Die res word in die sand of modder bedek.

2. Oor miljoene jare vind chemiese veranderinge sowel as drukking plaas wat dit laat versteen.

3. Water wat deursyfer kan ook veranderinge teweeg bring. Die vorms word goed behou.

4. Beweging van die aardplate bring die fossiele na die oppervlak.

Aktiwiteit: om navorsing oor fossiele te doen

  • Wat is ’n paleontoloog?

OPDRAG: Teken ’n vloeidiagram om die fossielvormingsproses eenvoudig voor te stel.

Assessering van vloeidiagram:

Kon jy ’n sinvolle vloeidiagram van die fossielvormingsproses teken?

[LU 2.2]

Aanpassings – Fossiele

AKTIWITEIT:

  • Bestudeer die volgende prente van fossiele en probeer afleidings maak t.o.v. hul voeding en bewegings:

Skedel van ’n Suid-Afrikaanse dinosourus ( Mossospondvlus )

Brachiopoda skulpe in ’n 500 – 300 miljoen jaar oue strandneersaksel

Skedel van ’n Suid-Afrikaanse dinosourus ( Mossospondvlus )

’n Vlieg wat in die 90 miljoen jaar oue neerslae van die Orapa diamantkrater gevind is (Botswana)

Assessering van afleiding:

Kon jy die korrekte afleidings t.o.v. die fossielsketse maak?

[LU 2.3]

Assessering

LU 2

Wetenskaplike Kennis

Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

2.1 sinvolle inligting kan onthou;

2.2 inligting in kategorieë kan plaas;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

Memorandum

Fossiele

Klasaktiwiteit: FOSSIELTEKENINGE

  • Kry bronne oor fossiele, paleontoloë en opgrawings
  • www.ru.ac/za/pssa/pssalaw.hrml - fossils and SA law

Aktiwiteit:

  • Wat is 'n paleontoloog?

Persoon wat fossiele bestudeer

  • Wat sê die wet?

OPDRAG:

  • Teken 'n vloeidiagram om die fossielvormingsproses eenvoudig voor te stel.

Sagte dele vergaan – drukking – water vervorm – verstening – verskuiwings

Aktiwiteit: Afleidings

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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