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Ecuador

  • Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
  • Research on human embryos (and therefore cloning) is prohibited as of June 1998.

Peru

  • Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are banned.
  • Fertilization of a human ovum with intent other than procreation is prohibited, as well as human cloning (General Health Law, 1997).

Uruguay

  • Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are not specifically prohibited, but reproductive cloning is.

Europe

Austria

  • Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
  • Reproductive medicine is acceptable only within stable heterosexual relationships for the purpose of reproduction. Embryos can be used only for implantation in the woman who has donated the oocytes , and for no other purposes. Donation of embryos or gametes is prohibited (Federal Law of 1992 Regulating Medically Assisted Procreation).

Belgium

  • Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned as of May 2003.

Czech republic

  • Embryonic stem cell research is permitted using lines created from unused IVF eggs.

Denmark

  • Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning and the funding of such activities are as of 2003.

Estonia

  • Embryonic stem cell research is allowed, but reproductive and therapeutic cloning are banned.

Finland

  • Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned.
  • The act defines embryo as a fusion of gametes, so therapeutic cloning is permitted, but reproductive cloning is prohibited (Medical Research Act of 1999).

France

  • Embryonic stem cell research is allowed, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are banned.
  • Research on human embryonic stem cells is now allowed until embryos are 6-8 days old. Embryos cannot be created specifically for research -- scientists must use existing embryos from IVF. Embryonic stem cell lines are typically imported from abroad.

Georgia

  • Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are.
  • Human cloning through the use of genetic engineering is prohibited (1997 Law on Health Care).

Germany

  • Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but all forms of cloning (reproductive and therapeutic) are banned.
  • It is Illegal to create any new stem cell lines after December 2001.

Greece

  • Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned.

Hungary

  • Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but reproductive and therapeutic cloning are.
  • The national law (1997) does not explicitly address or prohibit embryonic stem cell research or therapeutic cloning.

Iceland

  • Embryonic stem cell research is permitted using lines created from unused IVF eggs and for development or fertility research.
  • Reproductive and therapeutic cloning are prohibited (Act on Artificial Fertilisation, 1996).

Ireland

  • Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
  • Human cloning is prohibited because the "right to life of an unborn child is equal to that of the mother" as stated in the Constitution of Ireland.

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Source:  OpenStax, Stem cell research: a science and policy overview. OpenStax CNX. Aug 03, 2007 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10445/1.1
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