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The program ignores:

  • Blank lines that result in a string with a zero length
  • Comment lines that begin with a /
  • Lines that begin with a space

Conversion to audio

The data values are converted to audio frequencies and presented as an AudioGraph. The data is biased and scaled so as to make maximum use of the audio dynamicrange from 220 Hz to 1760 Hz inclusive.

If the data contains both positive and negative values, the data is adjusted so that the most negative value is emitted at220 Hz and the most positive value is emitted at 1760 Hz. The frequency that represents zero will fall somewhere between those extremes.

A unique sound is heard whenever a value of zero occurs in the data. It consists of a weightedsum of three frequencies one octave apart centered on the frequency that represents zero.

Three synthetic data items with a value of zero are prepended onto the beginning of the incoming data.They are used to establish the audio pitch for a value of zero on playback.

If the data is all positive, it is biased and scaled so that the minimum value is emitted at 220 Hz and the maximum value is emitted at 1760 Hz. In this case,the frequency that represents zero has little meaning because it is off the bottom of the page, so to speak. It is set at 220 Hz.

An output pulse is heard for each data value. The frequency of the pulse is proportional to the data value. Higher data values result in pulses with ahigher pitch. Lower data values result in pulses with a lower pitch.

The output pulse rate in pulses per second is specified by the user as a command-line parameter. Faster output rates provide a quick look at the data.Slower output rates allow for more detailed audio analysis of the data.

To eliminate the pops and clicks that result from abrupt changes in frequency from one pulse to the next, each pulse is shaped using a linear scale factorthat is zero at both ends of the pulse and maximum at the center of the pulse.

Sound progresses from the left speaker to the right speaker in proportion to the value of x as a percentage of the total number of x values.

The number, the type, and the order of command-line parameters are defined in the comments in the class named MusicComposer10 .

Beginning of the class named AudioGraph01

The class named AudioGraph01 begins in Listing 9 , which includes the declaration and initialization of some instance variables. Listing 9 also includes the beginning of the constructor for the class.

Listing 9 . Beginning of the class named AudioGraph01.
import java.io.*; import java.nio.*;import java.util.*; public class AudioGraph01 extends AudioSignalGenerator02{double[]inputData; double highFreq = 1760;double lowFreq = 220;public AudioGraph01(AudioFormatParameters01 audioParams, String[]args, byte[]melody){ super(audioParams,args,melody);

Read the input text file

Listing 10 reads the input text file to define the function that is to be played or filed as an audio file. The text file must be stored in the subfolder named Data , which is a child of the folder containing the compiled program. The incoming data isinitially stored in an ArrayList object for convenience and later transferred to an array object.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
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How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
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what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
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Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Accessible objected-oriented programming concepts for blind students using java. OpenStax CNX. Sep 01, 2014 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11349/1.17
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